Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging RSS feed

Improve the value of quantitative MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck diseases

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

The anatomic structures in head and neck are tiny and complex, but high resolution MRI significantly improve the diagnostic performance of MRI in the demonstration of anatomic structures and lesions in head and neck region. Quantitative MRI plays an important role in the identification, diagnosis, stage, grade, evaluation of treatment response, and prediction of prognosis as well as elucidation of the pathological mechanisms of head and neck diseases, such as optic neuritis, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, post-laminar optic nerve invasion from retinoblastoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, sinonasal inverted papilloma, pleomorphic salivary adenoma, lymphoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, etc. The problems and the problem-solving strategies are also described. In the future, the study design will be conducted strictly with inclusion and exclusion criteria defined. According to the same criteria of the diagnosis, evaluation, and prediction of the head and neck diseases, national large-sample multicenter prospective researches will be developed so as to establish patient-centered and problem-guided protocols of quantitative MRI of the head and neck diseases. These protocols will further improve the value of quantitative MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck diseases, which will be applied nationwide promoting diagnosis and treatment of head and neck diseases and protecting people^{^,}s health.

Diffusion kurtosis imaging study of cerebral cortex microstructure damage in patients with normal tension glaucoma

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveDiffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) was used to study the cerebral cortical microstructure alterations of normal tension glaucoma (NTG), so as to provide imaging evidence for further elucidating the mechanism of cerebral cortical alterations in NTG. Materials and MethodsThe DKI data of 37 NTG patients who were diagnosed in our hospital and 37 healthy control subjects recruited from November 2016 to May 2020 were analyzed. The fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK) and axial kurtosis (AK) of 44 brain regions of the two groups of subjects were extracted using the Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation atlas. The differences between the two groups were compared using the student t-test. Afterwards, the correlations between the DKI parameters of abnormal brain areas and the mean defect of visual field in NTG patients were analyzed. ResultsIn NTG patients, the FA values of bilateral insula and frontal opercular, temporoparietal occipital junction, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, anterior cingulate gyrus and medial prefrontal lobe, left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, right ventral stream of visual pathway, middle temporal complex (MT+) with neighboring visual areas, and early auditory cortex decreased (P＜0.05, FDR correction). The MK value of MT+ complex with neighboring visual areas decreased (P=0.0134, FDR correction). There was no significant difference between the RK values of NTG patients and those of the normal control subjects in the whole brain (P＞0.05, FDR correction). AK values decreased in bilateral MT+ complex with neighboring visual areas, insular lobe and frontal opercular, anterior cingulate gyrus and medial prefrontal lobe, left inferior parietal lobule, orbital gyrus and frontal pole, right ventral stream of visual pathway, and temporoparietal occipital junction (P<0.05, FDR correction). The FA values of bilateral temporoparietal occipital junction, right anterior cingulate gyrus and medial prefrontal lobe were positively correlated with the mean defect of visual field of both eyes. The FA values of left anterior cingulate gyrus and medial prefrontal lobe, and the ventral stream of right visual pathway were positively correlated with the mean defect of visual field of the left eye, and the FA values of right insula and frontal opercular were positively correlated with the mean defect of visual field of the right eye (P＜0.05). ConclusionsDKI can detect the multiple microstructure damages in the cerebral cortex of NTG patients, including visual cortex, salience network, default network, dorsal attention network, temporoparietal occipital junction, early auditory cortex, orbital gyrus and frontal pole. FA value can reflect the correlation between brain microstructure damage and disease severity of patients, so it is a potential biological index.

Probe of the central mechanism of adult patients with amblyopia based on rs-fMRI technique

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo explore the central mechanism of adult patients with amblyopia by resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Materials and MethodsWe recruited 21 adult patients with amblyopia and 22 healthy controls (HC) group matched with age, sex and education as subjects. Clinical data including best corrected visual acuity, stereopsis, self-rating anxiety and depression scale were performed. Meanwhile, rs-fMRI was collected and preprocessed with DPARSF software. The difference of regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) between the two groups and the correlation between ReHo, fALFF and clinical data in changed brain regions were analyzed. ResultsIn all recruited adult patients with amblyopic, fALFF value of right superior temporal gyrus decreased, while fALFF of right angular gyrus increased (cluster level, P＜0.01). ReHo value of right fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus of occipital lobe increased. What^{^,}s more, fALFF of bilateral fusiform gyrus and left calcarine fissure in left-sided amblyopic patients significantly increased (cluster level, P＜0.05). ReHo of bilateral fusiform gyrus also increased (cluster level, P＜0.05). fALFF of right superior temporal gyrus decreased and right middle frontal gyrus increased in right-sided patients (cluster level, P＜0.01). These values in the differential brain regions did not correlate significantly with Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores. ConclusionsIn the central mechanism of adult patients with amblyopia, the activation and ReHo changes in occipital and temporal cortex may be involved in the functional compensation of visual information processing caused by visual impairment, which helps to further reveal the central mechanism of adult amblyopia.

The value of quantitative parameters on magnetization transfer imaging of lacrimal glands in distinguishing the clinical activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of quantitative parameters on magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) of lacrimal gland in distinguishing the clinical activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Materials and MethodsFrom September 2020 to January 2022, we prospectively recruited 49 TAO patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and divided them into active groups (≥3 points, 29 patients) and inactive group (＜3 points, 20 patients) according to the Clinical Activity Score (CAS). All subjects underwent conventional MRI and coronal MTI scan of the orbit. Magnetization transmissibility ratio (MTR) of lacrimal glands and the signal intensity ratio (SIR) on fat suppression-T2WI between lacrimal glands and temporalis were measured, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare the differences of MRI quantitative parameters between two groups. The correlations between MRI parameters and CAS were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the predictive value of each quantitative parameter in judging the clinical activity of TAO, and the area under the curves (AUC) were compared using the DeLong test. ResultsThe MTRs of lacrimal glands in active group were significantly lower than those in inactive group (P＜0.001), while the SIRs of lacrimal glands in active group were significantly higher than those in inactive group (P＜0.001). MTR was mildly and negatively correlated with CAS (r=-0.427, P＜0.001), while SIR was weakly and positively correlated with CAS (r=0.252, P=0.012). The combination of MTR and SIR showed the optimal diagnostic performance in distinguishing the clinical activity of TAO (AUC=0.809, sensitivity 62.5%, specificity 93.1%), which was better than SIR alone, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=2.35, P=0.019). ConclusionsThe quantitative parameters on MTI of lacrimal glands are feasible in distinguishing clinical activity of TAO, which can be used as a supplement to conventional MRI sequences to improve the performance in evaluating the clinical activity of TAO.

Prediction of distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by interpretable machine learning model based on multiparametric MRI radiomics and clinical factors

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo establish a machine learning prediction model based on multi-parametric MRI features and clinical variables, and evaluate its efficacy in predicting distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) before treatment. Materials and MethodsMRI images of 1393 patients with pathologically confirmed NPC from three hospitals (1049 in the training cohort and 344 in the external validation cohort) from June 2010 to September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. We used ITK-SNAP and Pyradiomics to delineate regions of interest and extract radiomic features, respectively. Features were selected using correlation analysis, univariate analysis and recursive feature elimination (RFE) method. The gradient boosting machine (GBM) algorithm was utilized to construct models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to compare the predictive efficacy of the models, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical utility. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) algorithm was used to attribute interpretability to the optimal prediction model. ResultsTen radiomic features were finally selected. GBM_R, GBM_C and GBM_RC models were constructed based on the three features combination: radiomic features, clinical variables, and radiomic features + clinical variables. The AUC values of the them on the training set were 0.938, 0.724, and 0.938, respectively. GBM_RC (hereafter, NPC-Wise) achieved the highest AUC value of 0.775 in the external validation set. The SHAP force plot provided a visualization of the direction and degree of influence of each feature on the predicting results of the model. ConclusionsThe interpretable machine learning prediction model NPC-Wise, based on multi-parametric MRI radiomic features and clinical variables, showed good performance in predicting the risk of distant metastasis in NPC, as well as providing individual-level interpretability with the SHAP algorithm, which can provide a valuable decision basis for personalized treatment.

Prediction of tumor cell proliferation activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by nomogram based on multiparametric MRI radiomics combined with clinic-radiological features

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo explore the value of nomogram based on multiparametric MRI radiomics combined with clinic-radiological features in predicting high expression of Ki-67 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and MethodsRetrospectively analyzed the clinical and MRI data of 171 NPC patients from December 2015 to May 2022 in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. According to the expression level of Ki-67, patients were divided into the high Ki-67 group (n=105) and the low Ki-67 group (n=66). We used 3D-Slicer to segment the region of interest and "Pyradiomic" package to extract features. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were performed to select the independent risk factors of high Ki-67 expression and then construct the predictive models. Predictive power among models was assessed and compared by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and DeLong test. The clinical utility of the nomogram was demonstrated by the decision curve analysis (DCA). ResultsLogistic regression results reported that the markedly enhanced tumor focus (OR=4.064, P=0.005), Epstein‐Barr virus deoxyribo nucleic acid (EBV‐DNA)≥5000 IU/mL (OR=3.809, P=0.007) were significant clinical predictors of high Ki-67 expression, which can be applied to establish a clinical model. Seven, four, and two radiomics features significantly related to the high expression of Ki-67 from contrast enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI_CE), T1-weighted imaging (TIWI) and T2-weighted imaging fat suppression (T2WI_FS) were selected to construct a radiomics model. EBV‐DNA, the degree of enhancement and radiomics score (Rad-score) were used to develop the nomogram model. The ROC curve demonstrated that the AUCs of the nomogram model were higher than those of the clinical or radiomics models (training set: 0.887 vs. 0.701, 0.861; validation set: 0.860 vs. 0.749, 0.814). In the training and validation sets, the AUCs of the nomogram model were statistically significantly higher than those of the clinical model (DeLong test, P＜0.05). ConclusionsThe nomogram model based on multiparametric MRI radiomics combined with clinic-radiological features has high performance in predicting Ki-67 expression status in NPC patients prior to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which is better than the single model and can be served as a non-invasive predictive tool.

Research progress of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Glaucoma is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. As the most prevalent type of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is facing challenges in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. In recent years, neuroimaging studies including multimodal MRI have shown that POAG is considered as a neurodegenerative disease. Alterations of brain structure, function, blood perfusion, and metabolism involving visual pathway and other brain regions were shown, which were correlated with the severity of the disease in POAG patients. In the future, multi-center prospective cohort studies with large sample sizes will be more needed, and multi-modal MRI data will be analyzed with machine learning and deep learning methods to investigate the relationship between changes in the central nervous system and their correlation with retinal changes and visual disorders, to provide a more explicit basis for early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, MRI findings of the brain in patients with POAG and the potential role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of POAG, as well as probable solutions to the unsolved problems, were systematically reviewed, aiming to provide a reference for the researchers in this field.

The interpretation of 2022 Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) guidelines for reporting cardiovascular magnetic resonance examinations

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

The combination of multiple imaging sequences and post-processing magnetic resonance techniques can qualitatively and quantitatively assess cardiovascular disease, but how imaging findings can be better presented to clinicians in reports is still a problem that puzzles many radiologists. This guideline from the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR), published in 2022, answers this confusion in detail, providing an opportunity for the interaction of cardiovascular clinic and imaging, and for the convenience of comparing imaging reports for patients referred between multiple units. To promote the exchange of peers in this field, the author interprets and analyzes the report guidelines combined with the experience of Fuwai Hospital.

Exploring the central mechanism of insomnia through the functional connectivity of locus coeruleus: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo explore the functional connectivity (FC) changes of the locus coeruleus (LC) in the resting state of insomnia patients utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Materials and MethodsFifty-nine patients with insomnia disorder (ID) and 30 healthy controls were included. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hyperarousal Scale (HAS) scores were assessed, and resting-state fMRI data were collected. The FC values with all voxels in the brain were calculated using the LC as the region of interest, and the differences between the two groups were compared using a t-test. The FC values of the brain regions with differences were extracted and correlated with the clinical scale scores. ResultsThere were no statistical differences in age, gender, or education between insomnia patients and healthy controls. In comparison to the healthy group, ID patients had increased FC between the LC and the right middle frontal gyrus (GRF correction, P-cluster＜0.001, P-cluster＜0.05), which was positively correlated with PSQI (r=0.40), HAMD (r=0.39), HAMA (r=0.39), and HAS (r=0.46) scores (all P＜0.001). ConclusionsEnhanced FC of the LC with the right middle frontal gyrus may be associated with hyperarousal states and may contribute to anxiety and depression in insomnia patients, resulting in decreased sleep quality. This study provided an imaging basis for the hyperarousal theory, demonstrated the important role of LC in the sleep-wake process, further revealed the brain functional mechanism of insomnia, and offered new ideas for the selection treatment targets of insomnia.

Differentiation of high-grade glioma and solitary brain metastasis based on radiomics features fusion of multiparametric MRI

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo explore the value of a new prediction model based on the fusion of multiparametric MRI imaging features in the differential diagnosis of high-grade glioma (HGG) and solitary brain metastasis (SBM). Materials and MethodsWe collected multiparametric MRI images of 121 (61 HGG and 60 SBM) patients in this study, and delineated the tumor volume of solid enhancement region (VOI_ET) on the conventional axial MRI images [T1WI, T2WI, T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2_FLAIR) and post-contrast enhancement T1WI (CE_T1WI)]. The radiomics features extracted from different MRI sequences were fused by merging the class information of HGG and SBM, and the performance of different MRI sequences and their combinations were compared quantitatively. ResultsFusion of image features extracted from the T1WI and T2_FLAIR sequences had dominant predictive performances over features from other single sequence or combinations, achieving a discrimination accuracy of area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.946, 86.4%, 84.1% and 88.7%, respectively. ConclusionsThe fusion model based on radiomics features from multiparameter MRI could noninvasively and efficiently identify HGG and SBM via integrating multi-sequence image information of the tumor.

Application value of FOCUS diffusion weighted imaging in the diagnosis of microprolactinomas

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of FOCUS (field of view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot) diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in microprolactinomas. Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 32 patients with microprolactinomas and 24 patients with hyperprolactinemia. The images of non-enhanced, dynamic enhanced, and FOCUS DWI were analyzed, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in the FOCUS DWI sequences. The ADC values of the lesion and the adjacent uninvolved pituitary in microprolactinomas cases and the mean ADC values of hyperprolactinemia group were compared. ANOVA with randomized block design was used to compare the ADC values of the left, middle and right anterior pituitary in hyperprolactinemia group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the ADC ratio (rADC) between the lesion and the adjacent uninvolved pituitary in microprolactinomas cases. ResultsThe ADC values of the lesions in microprolactinomas group were lower than that of the adjacent uninvolved pituitary region and the mean ADC values of anterior pituitary gland in hyperprolactinemia group (P＜0.001), and no significant difference were found between the latter two (P=0.120). In hyperprolactinemia group, the ADC values of middle anterior pituitary were significantly higher than that of left and right anterior pituitary (P_right=0.001, P_left=0.012). No significant difference was found between the ADC values in left and right anterior pituitary (P=1.000). The area under ROC curve in the diagnosis of microprolactinomas by rADC was 0.793. ConclusionsFOCUS DWI can help to distinguish microprolactinomas from simple hyperprolactinemia pituitary, and it can be considered as an auxiliary diagnosis means of microprolactinomas, which could provide objective evidence for clinicians to make the best treatment plan.

Value of T2^* mapping MRI in quantitative assessment of diabetic macular edema with retinal hemorrhage

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo investigate the value and feasibility of T2^* mapping MRI in evaluating diabetic macular edema (DME). Materials and MethodsThirty patients (36 eyes) with DME (patient group) in the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from October 2020 to December 2021 were prospectively enrolled,including a group of 26 eyes with retinal hemorrhage and a group of 10 eyes without retinal hemorrhage. Twenty healthy volunteers (39 eyes) were collected as the control group. Axial T2WI, coronal T2WI, sagittal T1WI and axial T2^* mapping MRI were performed between the two groups. Six regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn at the retina region: optic disc sector, macula sector, the attachment point of lateral rectus muscle eye ring (temporal side), the attachment point of medial rectus muscle eye ring (nasal side), the midpoint of optic disc sector and temporal side (MOT), the midpoint of optic disc sector and nasal side (MON) and 6 ROIs were drawn in front of the retina (ROI size 1 mm²). Statistical analyses among multiple groups were conducted using one-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. ResultsThe T2^* value of the retina region (optic disc sector, macula sector, temporal side, nasal side, MON, MOT) and those in front of the retina (macula sector, temporal side, nasal side, MON, MOT) was statistically significant between the retinal hemorrhage group and the control group (P＜0.05). The T2^* value of the retina region (optic disc sector, macula sector, MON, MOT) and those in front of the retina (macula sector, temporal side, nasal side, MOT) was statistically significant between the retinal hemorrhage group and the group without retinal hemorrhage (P＜0.05). The T2^* value of the retina region (optic disc sector, temporal side) was statistically significant between the group without retinal hemorrhage and the control group (P＜0.05). ConclusionsT2^* mapping MRI can sensitively and quantitatively assess the retinal hemorrhage of DME, and has a high value in diagnosis, monitoring progression and therapeutic effect of DME.

Predictive value of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI features and hepatobiliary phase histogram parameters in response to transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI and hepatobiliary tumor histogram parameters in predicting the response to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and MethodsFifty-four patients with newly diagnosed HCC treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from June 2020 to June 2021 were collected. The imaging features of the lesions were evaluated, and the histogram mean, variation, kurtosis, skewness, 10th percentile (Perc10%), 90th percentile (Perc90%), entropy, maximum, minimum and median values of hepatobiliary lesions were extracted. According to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), the differences of imaging features and histogram parameters in different response groups after TACE were analyzed. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive value of meaningful parameters for response. ResultsThere were 28 cases in response group and 26 cases in non-response group. The incidences of incomplete capsule, arterial phase peritumoral enhancement and hepatobiliary peritumoral hypointensity in the non-response group were significantly higher than those in the response group (P＜0.05). The mean value, degree of variability, Perc10% and median response group were significantly higher than those in the non-response group. Logistic regression analysis showed that peritumoral enhancement in arterial phase, low signal intensity and degree of variation in hepatobiliary phase were independent influencing factors of response (P＜0.05). The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity of the combined parameters were 0.904 (95% CI: 0.816-0.992), 80.8% and 96.4%, respectively. ConclusionsPeriarterial tumor enhancement, perihepatobiliary tumor hypointense and variation are independent predictors of response after TACE, and the predictive model combining qualitative indicators and quantitative parameters has good predictive efficacy, which helps in the precision treatment of HCC patients.

Radiomics prediction model for the improved diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer on biparametric MRI

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo evaluate the radiomics model constructed based on biparametric MRI for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Materials and MethodsThe clinical, pathological and imaging data of 381 patients (non-csPCa group 239, csPCa group 142) were analyzed retrospectively. Through image preprocessing and segmentation, feature extraction and selection, the radiomics model was established and its diagnostic value was evaluated. ResultsThe radiomics model based on biparametric MRI showed good intra-observer and inter-observer consistency, and the constructed radiomics model had high diagnostic value for csPCa. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the training group and the test group were 0.991 and 0.983, respectively. ConclusionsThe biparametric MRI is an effective method to detect csPCa. The radiomics model constructed by training and testing has high diagnostic value for csPCa, which is relatively objective and accurate. It can be used as an auxiliary method for clinical diagnosis of csPCa, and provide an important reference for clinical decision-making of patient diagnosis and treatment.

MRI radiomics models in rectal cancer to predict pathological complete response of nCRT: Evaluation of different approaches

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo explore the value of different pre-treatment MRI radiomics models in predicting the pathological complete response (pCR) of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Materials and MethodsSeventy-six cases of patients diagnosed with LARC who underwent radical resection after nCRT in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected. According to the postoperative pathological results, they were divided into pCR group (n=38) and non-pCR group (n=38). The volume of interest (VOI) of lesion, rectal segment and of mesangial fat were segmented based on pre-treatment high-resolution T2WI sequence, and the radiomics features were extracted and screened. Classifiers including logistics regression (LR), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), support vector machine (SVM) were used to establish the radiomics models of lesions, rectal segments, mesangial fat, combine1 (lesions+mesangial fat), combine2 (rectal segments+mesangial fat), were used to evaluate the performance of different models and select the best model by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The 5-fold cross-validation was used for model testing, training, and selection. ResultsThere were 6, 7, 7, 8, and 7 features used to establish the models of lesion, rectal segment, mesangial fat, combine1, and combine2, respectively. Among the 15 models, LR model based on lesion+mesangial fat features had the best performance. Its area under the curve (AUC), F1 score, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the above indicators were 0.857 (0.647-1.000), 81.2% (59.5%-96.0%), 78.2% (36.7%-95.5%), 86.4% (47.0%-98.7%) and 82.3% (66.3%-95.7%), respectively. ConclusionsDifferent pre-treatment MRI radiomics models can predict pCR after nCRT in LARC patients noninvasively, and the LR model based on lesion+mesangial fat featuresperforms the best.

Evaluation of magnetic resonance DWI-ADC value in assessing the early efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for conventional osteosarcoma

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of different apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and their rates of change in assessing the early efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma. Materials and MethodsCases of twenty-three patients with osteosarcoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) at the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2019 and March 2022 were collected, and conventional MRI and DWI were performed before NAC and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy to obtain different ADC value and its rate of change were obtained. Patients were divided into good histological response group and poor histological response group according to the pathological histological Huvos grading method of chemotherapy, and the statistical differences of different ADC value and their change rates between the two groups were compared. ResultsThe differences in ADC_mean, ADC_min, ADC_mean/volume, ADC_min/volume before and after chemotherapy in the good histological response group were statistically significant, all P＜0.05 (P values were 0.024, ＜0.001, 0.018, 0.046, respectively). The differences in ADC_mean, ADC_min, ADC_min/volume before and after chemotherapy were statistically significant in the poor histological response group, all P＜0.05 (P values were 0.005, ＜0.001, 0.020, respectively), while the differences in ADC_mean/volume were not statistically significant (P=0.071, P＞0.05). The differences in the rates of change of ADC_mean, ADC_min, ADC_mean/volume, and ADC_min/volume between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0.047, 0.006, 0.039, 0.015, all P＜0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of ADC_minrate of change by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was 0.938, which was higher than the rates of change of ADC_mean, ADC_min/volume, and ADC_mean/volume (0.783, 0.767, and 0.813, respectively). ConclusionsDifferent ADC value and their rates of change are of great value in the early assessment of the efficacy of osteosarcoma, and the ADC_min rate of change has significant advantages in predicting the efficacy of osteosarcoma.

Immediate brain effect of pushing Qiaogong point intervention on stage Ⅰ essential hypertension based on rs-fMRI

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo observe the immediate brain effect of pushing Qiaogong point intervention in patients with grade I essential hypertension (EH) by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Materials and MethodsFifteen EH patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) with no statistical difference in sex, age, height, weight and other baseline conditions were prospectively enrolled. Demographic data of the two groups were filled in before enrollment. Baseline rs-fMRI data, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were collected for both groups at the start of the experiment, followed by a 10 minute Qiaogong point intervention for the EH group, followed by a second MRI scan and final measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was used to compare the ALFF values of EH group and HC group, and the changes of ALFF values before and after intervention. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the difference of ALFF value in brain region and blood pressure between two groups. ResultsCompared with HC group, ALFF value of left middle frontal gyrus (MFG.L) was significantly lower in EH group (Gaussian random field correction, voxel P＜0.005, cluster P＜0.05). ALFF value of left middle frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.627, P=0.012). There was no significant correlation with diastolic blood pressure (P＞0.05). After intervention, the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of hypertension group were significantly lower than those before treatment (t=3.61, P=0.003); (t=3.80, P=0.002). ALFF values were significantly increased in bilateral middle frontal gyrus (Gaussian random field correction, voxel P＜0.005, cluster P＜0.05). ConclusionsDecreased brain activity in left middle frontal gyrus in hypertensive patients Qiaogong point that the onset of EH is accompanied by brain function damage. Pushing bridge arch can immediately regulate the ALFF value of MFG in EH patients, which may communicate with massage stimulation signal, activate the brain regulatory function, and thus improve blood pressure.

Visual analysis of vascular cognitive impairment based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace by fMRI

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveBased on VOSviewer and CiteSpace, the current status, hotspots and trends of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research on vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) were analyzed. Materials and MethodsRelevant literatures on fMRI research on VCI included in the databases of CNKI, Wanfang and VIP until 2022 were retrieved. NoteExpress was used to deduplicate and screen the literature, VOSviewer drew the core author density view, and CiteSpace drew the institutional cooperation network graph, keyword clustering graph, keyword emergence graph and timeline graph. ResultsA total of 475 papers were included, involving 1168 authors, 148 journals and 212 institutions. The annual publication volume is increasing, and there are few co-author teams, and there is no connection between the teams; the published journals are mainly Chinese science and technology core journals, and a cooperative team with a certain institution as the core has not yet been formed, and the research institutions are independent and scattered. Keyword clusters include "cognitive function, pathogenesis, hippocampus, dementia, cerebral microbleeds, MRI, early diagnosis, hippocampal injury, hypertension" 9 clusters, "cerebral blood flow" in the keyword emergence is the emergent word that started in 2018 and continues to this day. ConclusionsThe popularity of fMRI research on VCI is gradually increasing. The hotspots focus on "cognitive function, pathogenesis, hippocampus, dementia, cerebral microbleeds, MRI, early diagnosis, hippocampal injury, hypertension", and "cerebral blood flow" is the research frontier in this field. In the field of fMRI research on vascular cognitive dysfunction, it is necessary to focus on institutional and team cooperation, grasp the research hotspots and frontiers, and improve the output of relevant scientific research results.

Correlation between vestibular and cochlear membranous labyrinthine hydrops by inner ear gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging angiography and hearing loss in patients with Meniere^{^,}s disease

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between vestibular and cochlear hydrolabyrinth and hearing loss in patients with Meniere^{^,}s disease (MD), and to further verify the clinical value of inner ear MRI gadolinium angiography in patients with MD. Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of 62 cases of Meniere^{^,}s disease treated in our hospital from October 2017 to February 2021. All patients underwent detailed medical history inquiries, specialist physical examinations, hearing tests, vestibular function tests, inner ear MRI gadolinium angiography, etc., ordered examination to compare the correlation of hearing test with the reliability between the traditional diagnostic method, which is relied on disease symptoms, medical history, hearing test and vestibular function test, and MRI gadolinium angiography of the inner ear. ResultsThe vestibular and cochlear membranous labyrinthine scores of inner ear MRI gadolinium angiography showed a weak positive correlation with hearing test scores respectively (r=0.414, 0.358; P＜0.05). MRI gadolinium angiography of the inner ear has higher sensitivity than traditional clinical methods in the diagnosis of vestibular hydrops (sensitivity: 91.94%, 88.71%) and cochlear membranous labyrinthine hydrops (sensitivity: 87.10%, 87.10%). Traditional clinical methods have moderate consistence with MRI gadolinium angiography for the diagnosis of vestibular hydrops and cochlear membranous labyrinthine hydrops respectively (Kappa=0.526, 0.509; P＜0.05). ConclusionsThe vestibular and cochlear membranous labyrinthine hydrops assessed by MRI gadolinium angiography were weakly correlated with hearing loss in patients with MD. MRI gadolinium angiography of the inner ear has higher clinical value than traditional clinical diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of MD.

Application value of multi-modal imaging technique in early diagnosis of Alzheimer^{^,}s disease

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Alzheimer^{^,}s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory impairment, and it is also a great challenge in the process of population aging in China. Intervention in the early stage of AD is of great significance to delay the progress of the disease and improve the prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of AD is very important. Multimodal imaging technology provides important imaging evidence for the pathogenesis and early clinical diagnosis of AD from the aspects of structure, function, metabolism and so on. We reviewed multimodal imaging technology, including MRI and positron emission computed tomography (PET) technology such as structure and function, and analyzed the application value of reflecting different brain characteristics in early diagnosis of AD patients in this article, in order to reveal the early pathological changes of AD from the perspective of imaging, improve the efficiency of early diagnosis of AD, and guide clinical treatment in the future.

Research progress of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in neurodegenerative diseases

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

With the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, there is an urgent need for a biomarker that can detect the pathological changes of the disease before severe neuronal loss occurs to facilitate early intervention of the disease. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a novel multicompartment biophysical model of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging that can quantify neurite density and fiber dispersion and specifically reflects the changes of brain microstructure. At present, this technology has been used in the research of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the technical principle of NODDI and its application in neurodegenerative diseases, in order to provide imaging reference for future research.

New progress in the application of diffusion tensor imaging in autism spectrum disorders

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that starts in early childhood, with a high disability rate. Therefore, timely diagnosis and early treatment are essential. The heterogeneity of ASD diagnostic methods and the inherent subjectivity of the scale evaluation are obstacles to the early recognition of ASD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can quantitatively present the changes of white matter microstructure and brain development through relevant parameters, which is of great value in early recognition and diagnosis of ASD. Therefore, based on the DTI technology and its clinical application in ASD diagnosis and treatment, this paper summarized and proposed that the future research direction of DTI technology is to explore the white matter fiber bundle connection mechanism of ASD, summarize the common development paths of different neurodevelopmental disorders, and analyze the longitudinal correlation between brain development and behavior of all age groups of children with ASD, in order to clarify the potential neuropathological mechanism and provide important reference for the future use of visualization technology to seek ASD biomarkers.

Research progress of deep learning in stroke diagnosis and prevention

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, computer science with deep learning as the core content has been widely used in the medical field. Stroke is a common cause of human death, and deep learning has great application value in stroke diagnosis and prevention. In order to evaluate the importance of deep learning technology in stroke disease, this paper conducts a systematic review of deep learning in stroke diagnosis, treatment and prediction, and also discusses the current bottlenecks and the future development prospects of deep learning technology, hoping to provide new directions for further research by clinical and medical researchers.

Research progress in radiomics on prognosis prediction of lower-grade gliomas

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 and 3 gliomas. Compared with glioblastoma, LGGs have lower pathological grade and better prognosis. However, due to its aggressive growth mode, some patients still have recurrence or malignant transformation after treatment. Therefore, early prognosis prediction is expected to provide individualized and accurate treatment for LGGs patients and improve their quality of life. Radiomics, extracting and analyzing high-throughput imaging features from images, and converting the image information into intuitive data to reflect the internal heterogeneity of tumors, is helpful for clinicians to select the appropriate treatment plan for patients. The radiomics based on magnetic resonance imaging can directly predict the prognosis of LGGs, and can also combine the radiomics features with gene phenotype or immune features to predict the prognosis. However, many studies still have limitations. It is the direction of future research to develop radiomics based on MRI functional imaging and combine radiomics with newly discovered prognostic related genes or immunological features for prognosis prediction. This article reviews the prognostic factors of LGGs and the role of radiomics in predicting the prognosis of LGGs, in order to expand the method of predicting the prognosis based on radiomics and provide a new idea for accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Research progress of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in autoimmune encephalitis

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a kind of encephalitis caused by autoimmune mechanism mediated, early diagnosis and treatment is beneficial to the prognosis of patients with AE. MRI in the detection of patients with AE, prognostic evaluation, curative effect evaluation plays an important role. The detection ability of conventional MRI in AE is limited. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique capable of characterizing the diffusion properties of water molecules in vivo and detecting microstructural changes in brain tissue. It provides new tools to investigate pathophysiological mechanism of AE. It is helpful for early diagnosis, evaluation of prognosis and curative effect. Therefore, this paper reviews the research status and progress of conventional MRI and dMRI technology in AE, and looks forward to the future research direction.

Research progress of MRI on brain plasticity in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common form of chronic spinal cord compression, and the incidence of CSM has increased significantly in recent years due to the younger population with incorrect work and study posture. Compression of nerve fibers in the spinal cord is considered to be one of the main causes of symptoms in patients with CSM, yet some patients still have poor recovery after decompression surgery, and how to improve the prognosis has become a major issue for us. In recent years, with the development of imaging technology, we found that functional remodeling of the brain in addition to spinal cord compression may be one of the reasons for different symptoms. In this paper, we review the research on brain remodeling in CSM using magnetic resonance imaging in recent years, aiming to provide a better imaging basis for treating cervical spondylosis and predicting prognosis.

Progress of imaging studies of the patients with cardiac involvement in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are autoimmune diseases. Cardiac involvement has become the leading cause of death in patients with PM/DM. The onset of cardiac involvement is usually hidden. Early diagnosis is helpful to start effective treatment and improve prognosis. At present, the application value of conventional imaging for subclinical cardiac involvement is limited, and functional imaging has potential value. Multimodal functional imaging plays an important role in the early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of cardiac involvement in PM/DM. This article reviews the application and research progress of multimodal imaging in the early diagnosis and quantitative assessment of cardiac damage in patients with PM/DM.

Myocardial fibrosis CMR and its application progress in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) early intervention measures can prevent or even reverse the changes in DbCM, prevent the remodeling of the heart structure and improve the diastolic function of the heart. Therefore, through the detection and evaluation of cardiac function, myocardial microcirculation perfusion status and myocardial fibrosis. It has important clinical significance for accurate diagnosis, risk classification and prognosis assessment of DbCM. cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has the advantages of good soft tissue resolution and multi-sequence and multi-parameter imaging, which can not only accurately assess cardiac anatomy and function, but also non-invasively observe the histological characteristics of the myocardium, and have important value for early diagnosis and grading of myocardial fibrosis. This article reviews the advances in the clinical application of MR late gadolinium enhancement, T1 mapping, T2 mapping, diffusion tensor imaging and T1ρ mapping in myocardial fibrosis, and looks forward to the development and application of these technologies in the future.

Research progress of imaging and artificial intelligence technology in quantitative assessment of sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Sarcopenia is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and an important cause of poor prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis, the early identification and prevention has become the focus of clinical work and a hot spot. Imaging methods can not only evaluate liver lesions in patients with liver cirrhosis, but also quantify muscle area, muscle density and muscle fat content to evaluate the prognosis of liver cirrhosis; in addition, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the medical field has provided new ideas for accurate and rapid identification and quantitative assessment of cirrhotic sarcopenia. This article focuses on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), ultrasound (US), MRI, CT and AI techniques for quantitative evaluation of cirrhotic sarcopenia are reviewed with the aim of providing imaging references to guide clinical decision-making.

Application and research progress of radiomics in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is a potential malignant tumor with a broad spectrum of disease. It is generally believed that pancreatic IPMN is a precancerous lesion of pancreatic cancer, and it is of great significance to determine its malignancy degree before surgery. At present, the commonly used imaging methods include CT, MRI, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). Radiomics provides a new method for tumor characterization through high-throughput extraction and quantitative analysis of image features, which can effectively evaluate the malignant potential of pancreatic IPMN. It has been gradually applied in pancreatic IPMN malignancy grading, efficacy evaluation and prognosis prediction. This article reviews the development and application of radiomics in the field of risk stratification of pancreatic IPMN malignancy, and prospects the future development.

Research progress on precise diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer based on multiparameter MRI radiomics

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

The incidence of bladder cancer (BCa) ranks among the forefront of urinary system malignancies in the world, with high recurrence rate and high mortality rate. Early and accurate diagnosis of pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and myometrial invasion of bladder cancer plays an important role in treatment decision making and prognosis evaluation of efficacy. Multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) provides a key imaging method for early and accurate diagnosis of bladder cancer due to its high soft tissue resolution and multi-level information of structure and function.In recent years, with the development of intelligent diagnostic technology of radiomics, MRI radiomics has important clinical application value in tumor diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognosis prediction by mining micro-scale information hidden in multi-sequence images. This article provides a systematic review of the progress of mpMRI radiomics in preoperative grade prediction of bladder cancer, lymph node metastasis, myometrial invasion and prognosis evaluation of efficacy.

Research progress on the brain network mechanism of Chinese medicine rehabilitation therapy intervention in knee osteoarthritis

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is an osteoarthritic disease that occurs in the elderly. Traditional exercise, acupuncture, and Tui-na rehabilitation therapies are clinical approaches to alleviate KOA. MRI shows that KOA is associated with changes in brain structure and functional networks such as cortical thinning and abnormal functional connectivity of brain regions. Chinese medicine rehabilitation therapy works by restoring abnormal changes in brain function and structure in KOA patients. Therefore, this review is based on MRI technology to review and summarize it: (1) KOA pain causes cortical thinning, gray matter volume, density reduction, and other abnormal changes in the structural network of the brain; (2) KOA shows changes in functional network such as abnormal activation of specific brain regions and abnormal changes in functional connectivity of different brain regions; (3) standardized exercise training can modulate brain networks; (4) acupuncture, moxibustion, and massage can improve the functional structure of multiple brain regions. To provide new ideas for promoting the combination of traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation and imaging technology, and to relieve the symptoms of KOA and relieve the pain of patients with traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation.

Research progress of deep learning in chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging

Sun,20 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Deep learning, a significant method of artificial intelligence, has been used for chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (CEST MRI) in recent years, the basic principle is to indirectly realize the detection of specific low concentration of solute molecules through the reduction of water signal. Problems such as slow collection speed, slow quantification speed, and inaccurate quantitative evaluation affect the application and promotion of CEST MRI in clinical practice, and how to improve these problems has also become the focus of research. As a new research direction of artificial intelligence, deep learning has only been applied to CEST-MRI technology in recent years. This method is mainly used in the quantification and acceleration aspects of CEST MRI. The quantification usage includes prediction of the high field results and quantify proton exchange rate and concentration. The acceleration studies include acceleration on acquisition and acceleration on quantification. As for the method itself, the most frequently used algorithm is convolutional neural network and deep neural networks. Other studies included the comparison among different deep learning models and establishment of deep learning models based on different MRI sequences. This paper is to review the application of deep learning in CEST MRI in detail,which can be used as reference for interested parties in this field and further research and development on this basis. Then accelerate the clinical transformation of CEST MRI.

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Improve the value of quantitative MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck diseases

Diffusion kurtosis imaging study of cerebral cortex microstructure damage in patients with normal tension glaucoma

Probe of the central mechanism of adult patients with amblyopia based on rs-fMRI technique

The value of quantitative parameters on magnetization transfer imaging of lacrimal glands in distinguishing the clinical activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Prediction of distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by interpretable machine learning model based on multiparametric MRI radiomics and clinical factors

Prediction of tumor cell proliferation activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by nomogram based on multiparametric MRI radiomics combined with clinic-radiological features

Research progress of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma

The interpretation of 2022 Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) guidelines for reporting cardiovascular magnetic resonance examinations

Exploring the central mechanism of insomnia through the functional connectivity of locus coeruleus: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Differentiation of high-grade glioma and solitary brain metastasis based on radiomics features fusion of multiparametric MRI

Application value of FOCUS diffusion weighted imaging in the diagnosis of microprolactinomas

Value of T2* mapping MRI in quantitative assessment of diabetic macular edema with retinal hemorrhage

Predictive value of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI features and hepatobiliary phase histogram parameters in response to transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Radiomics prediction model for the improved diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer on biparametric MRI

MRI radiomics models in rectal cancer to predict pathological complete response of nCRT: Evaluation of different approaches

Evaluation of magnetic resonance DWI-ADC value in assessing the early efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for conventional osteosarcoma

Immediate brain effect of pushing Qiaogong point intervention on stage Ⅰ essential hypertension based on rs-fMRI

Visual analysis of vascular cognitive impairment based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace by fMRI

Correlation between vestibular and cochlear membranous labyrinthine hydrops by inner ear gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging angiography and hearing loss in patients with Meniere,s disease

Application value of multi-modal imaging technique in early diagnosis of Alzheimer,s disease

Research progress of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in neurodegenerative diseases

New progress in the application of diffusion tensor imaging in autism spectrum disorders

Research progress of deep learning in stroke diagnosis and prevention

Research progress in radiomics on prognosis prediction of lower-grade gliomas

Research progress of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in autoimmune encephalitis

Research progress of MRI on brain plasticity in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Progress of imaging studies of the patients with cardiac involvement in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

Myocardial fibrosis CMR and its application progress in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Research progress of imaging and artificial intelligence technology in quantitative assessment of sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis

Application and research progress of radiomics in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

Research progress on precise diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer based on multiparameter MRI radiomics

Research progress on the brain network mechanism of Chinese medicine rehabilitation therapy intervention in knee osteoarthritis

Research progress of deep learning in chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging

Value of T2^* mapping MRI in quantitative assessment of diabetic macular edema with retinal hemorrhage

Correlation between vestibular and cochlear membranous labyrinthine hydrops by inner ear gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging angiography and hearing loss in patients with Meniere^{^,}s disease

Application value of multi-modal imaging technique in early diagnosis of Alzheimer^{^,}s disease