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<title>Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging RSS feed</title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/contents_list.asp?issue=202102</link>
<language>zh-cn</language>
<copyright>An RSS feed for Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging</copyright>
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<title><![CDATA[3D-ASL assessment of cerebral blood flow changes in chronic stroke patients]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.001</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To evaluate resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the relationship between cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in well-recovered patients 6 months after subcortical ischemic stroke used 3D arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) imaging. Materials and Methods: A total of 29 well-recovered patients 6 months after subcortical ischemic stroke patients and 30 healthy subjects were investigated to undergo 3D arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) using GE Discovery MR 750 3.0 Tesla MR scanner and behavioral tasks. The CBF maps were processing via SPM8 in Matlab. The GLM was applied to quantitatively compare group differences in CBF throughout the whole brain with age, gender and the years of education as covariates of no interest with SPM8. Moreover, we performed partial correlation analysis to investigate the association between the clinical behavior scores and the statistics results of CBF with SPSS 17.0. Results: The voxel-wise analysis showed that the well-recovered stroke patients exhibited increased CBF in contralesional superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) compared with normal controls (P＜0.05, cluster size＞1054 voxels). Moreover, the increased CBFs of the contralesional SFG (r=−0.41, P=0.037), and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) (r=−0.42, P= 0.036) were all significant negative correlation with TMT-B. Conclusions: We identified cerebral blood flow altered in the contralesional hemisphere in the subcortical stroke patients with well-recovery global motor function. Moreover, increased CBF were correlated with cognitive functional may represent a compensatory reorganization for the cognitive functional decline of subcortical stroke patients.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Application of high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in evaluation of intracranial arterial dissection according to stage]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.002</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: High resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) was used to evaluate the imaging characteristics of intracranial arterial dissection according to stages. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 45 patients with intracranial arterial dissection from August 2018 to August 2020. All patients underwent conventional MRI and HRMR-VWI examination in Siemens 3.0 T MRI, The imaging features of intimal flap, lumen, aneurysmal dilatation, intramural hematoma and vessel wall enhancement in patients with intracranial arterial dissection at different stages were analyzed in double blindness, and the relative signal strength of intramural hematoma was quantitatively evaluated by Image J. Results: Ten patients in the acute stage, 10 in the early subacute stage, 12 in the late subacute stage and 13 in the chronic stage were included. The detection rate of intimal flap, double lumen, intramural hematoma and vessel wall enhancement was higher than that of chronic phase (P=0.006, 0.023, 0.004, 0.022), and there was no significant difference in the detection rate of aneurysmal dilatation (P=0.094). The relative signal strength of intramural hematoma and the degree of vascular wall enhancement were both lower in the chronic stage compared with subacute stage (P=0.007, 0.023). Conclusions: HRMR-VWI can effectively evaluate intracranial arterial dissection and provide important information for the staging of intracranial arterial dissection.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Cerebral microstructural changes of the motor aphasia after stroke using diffusion tensor imaging]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.003</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To evaluate the changes of brain microstructure in language functional areas of Broca aphasia after stroke using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Materials and Methods: Collect 15 cases for the first time in our hospital after ischemic stroke with Broca aphasia included in the case group, and collect the normal healthy volunteers 15 cases included in the healthy controls. Two groups proceed head scan and DTI scan, then fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and bundle path graph are obtained after processing the obtained images and compare FA values, MD values and fiber bundle line analysis between the two groups. Results: The FA value of Broca area on the left of the case group was 0.357±0.020, and that of the normal control group was 0.396±0.010. The FA values of Broca area on the left of the case group were significantly lower than those of the normal control group (t=−7.22, P=0.00). The FA value of the affected side of the case group was 0.361±0.020, and that of the contralateral mirror area was 0.406±0.010. The FA value of the case group was lower than that of the contralateral mirror area (t= − 9.40, P=0.00), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). And the MD value of Broca area on the left of the case group was 1.091±0.084, the MD value of the affected side of the case group was 1.098±0.100, the MD value of the left Broca healthy controls was 0.797±0.048, and that of the contralateral mirror area was 0.808±0.030. The MD values of Broca area on the left of the case group and the affected side of the case group were higher than the normal control group (t=11.61, P=0.00) and the contralateral side mirror area (t=9.84, P=0.00). The difference is statistically significant (P＜0.05). The fiber bundles in the infarcted area were sparse and deficient in different degrees compared with the contralateral area. Conclusions: DTI technology can provide imaging diagnosis basis for patients with Broca aphasia after stroke, and provide certain basis for clinical treatment and rehabilitation prognosis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The reasearch of basilar artery based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in patients with posterior circulation ischemic attack]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.004</link>
<description><![CDATA[The differences of basilar artery vessel wall between frequent patients and non-frequent patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) were analyzed using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI). Materials and Methods: The patients were scanned by three-dimension time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) of the head and HR-MRI of basilar artery, and the patients with plaques were enrolled in the study. According to the frequency of TIA within 24 hours, the patients were divided into the frequent group (≥2) and the non-frequent group (＜2). The plaque morphological indexes, degree of stenosis, remodeling index, plaque distribution and clinical characteristics between the two groups were analyzed. Results: Sixty-eight patients with TIA (38 cases in the frequent group and 30 cases in the non-frequent group) had a total of 184 plaques (108 in the frequent group and 76 in the non-frequent group). At the maximal-lumen-narrowing site, the plaque morphological indexes in the frequent group were significantly different from those in the non-frequent group (P＜0.05). The degree of stenosis and remodeling index in the frequent group were higher than those in the non-frequent group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The plaques located at ventral wall of the frequent group (38.0%) accounted for a higher proportion as compared with the non-frequent group (22.4%) (P= 0.025), and the plaques located at dorsal wall of the frequent group (17.6%) accounted for a lower proportion as compared with the non-frequent group (35.5%)(P=0.006). The proportion of lateral wall plaques in the frequent group (44.4%) was similar to that in the non-frequent group (42.1%), with no statistically significant difference (P=0.753). The clinical characteristics had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions: Most of the plaques are distributed on the ventral side in the frequent group and on the dorsal side in the non-frequent group, and the proportion of lateral plaques are similar between the two groups. In the frequent group, plaque burden is higher, artery stenosis is more severe, and the remodeling index is higher. Plaques in the non-frequent group are relatively more stable.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The diagnostic value of IVIM in glioma grading and its correlation with Ki-67 labeling index]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.005</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To investigate the value of introvoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters in predicting preoperative grade of glioma and its correlation with Ki-67 labeling index. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three patients (43 males and 20 females), aged from 16 to 74 (47±13) years, were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into low-grade group (30 cases of WHO grade II) and high-grade group (33 cases of WHO grade III and IV). Ki-67 labeling index was obtained by immunohistochemistry. All patients underwent routine MRI scan and IVIM-DWI examination before operation. The IVIM parameters of the largest solid area and contralateral normal white matter area were measured, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion related diffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) were obtained. The measured value of solid area was divided by the value of contralateral normal brain parenchymal area. The corrected parameters were obtained: relative ADC (relative ADC, rADC), relative D (relative D, rD), relative D* (relative D*, rD*), relative f (relative f, rf). Rank sum test (Mann Whitney U test) was used to compare the differences of four quantitative parameters and Ki-67 between high and low-grade groups. Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between the four quantitative parameters and Ki-67 LI. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of four quantitative parameters in the grading of glioma. Results: The rADC, rD and rf values in low-grade glioma group were higher than those in high-grade glioma group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in rD* between the two groups (P=0.139). The average Ki-67 labeling index in high-grade glioma group was significantly higher than that in low-grade glioma group (P＜0.01).The area under the ROC curve of rADC, rD and rf values were 0.912, 0.911 and 0.714, the thresholds were 1.280, 1.295 and 1.171, the sensitivities were 93.3%, 90.0%, 86.7%, and the specificities were 75.8%, 78.8% and 48.5%. There was a strong negative correlation between rADC, rD and Ki-67 labeling index, a low correlation between rD* and Ki-67 labeling index, but no significant correlation between rf and Ki-67 labeling index. Conclusions: IVIM can noninvasively evaluate the grade of glioma, among which rADC has the highest diagnostic efficiency. Ki-67 labeling index was significantly different between high-grade and low-grade gliomas, and had a strong negative correlation with rADC and rD, which could provide help for the clinical diagnosis, formulation of treatment plan and prognosis judgment of glioma.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[3.0 T MRI features of breast cancer in different molecular types]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.006</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To explore the MRI features of breast cancer indifferent molecular types. Materials andMethods: MRI findings of 240 patients with breast cancer confirmed by operation or puncture pathology in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The MRI features of tumor size, shape, boundary, enhancement type, time signal intensity curve (TIC), background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), peritumoral edema, and presence of axillary enlarged lymph nodes were compared in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Statistical analysis was performed by chi square test of contingency table to analyze the MRI imaging features and correlation of breast cancer in different molecular types. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the size (C=0.197, P=0.021), shape (C=0.247, P=0.015), enhancement type (C=0.251, P=0.012), type of TIC (C=0.253, P=0.011), and incidence of axillary enlarged lymph nodes (C=0.189, P=0.029) among different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Luminal A subtype often presented as a round mass lesion ≤2 cm (70%). Luminal B subtype TIC curves were mostly type Ⅲ (81.3%). HER-2 subtypeaccounted for a higher proportion of non-mass type breast cancer (41.7%), and had a high incidence of axillary enlarged lymph nodes (50%). Round mass lesion (84%) and ring enhancement (64%) were more often found in triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). Peritumoral edema was found in 52% of TNBC and 45.8% of HER-2 subtypes, that was significantly higher than luminal A (18%) and luminal B (25%) (P＜0.01). There was no significant correlation between tumor boundary (C=0.195, P=0.141), BPE (C=0.158, P= 0.720) and molecular subtypes. Conclusions: Different molecular subtypes of breast cancer have certain characteristics on MRI. According to the MRI features of breast cancer, the molecular classification can be preliminarily predicted, which will facilitate subsequent treatment planning and prognosis assessment.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Radiomics features based on pharmacokinetic dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for identifying triple negative breast cancer]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.007</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To study the evaluation of radiomics features based on pharmacokinetic dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for differentiating triple negative (TN) breast cancer from other molecular subtype breast cancers. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 85 patients with breast cancer who underwent pharmacokinetic DCE-MRI before treatment. Breast cancers were classified into four molecular subtypes by immunohistochemistry, including Luminal (n=39), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpression (n=16) and TN (n=30). Radiomics features of whole breast cancer were extracted from pharmacokinetic quantitative and enhanced images, respectively. Spearman correlation and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used for feature selection in R. Logistic model was used for classification of TN vs. luminal, TN vs. HER-2 overexpression, and TN vs. non-TN. Receiver operating characteristics curve and area under curve (AUC) were obtained. Five-fold cross validation was used to verify classification performance. Results: For the TN vs. luminal breast cancer, 6 optimal features were selected. Accuracy, and AUC were 0.783 and 0.865, respectively. For the TN vs. HER-2 overexpression breast cancer, 14 optimal features were selected. Accuracy and AUC were 0.870 and 0.923, respectively. For the TN vs. non-TN breast cancer, 17 optimal features were selected. Accuracy and AUC were 0.847 and 0.913, respectively. Conclusions: The rediomics features can help to differentiate TN from other molecular subtype breast cancer.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The preliminary study on the parameter optimization of IVIM-DWI pulse sequence in gastric cancer patients with 3.0 T MR]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.008</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To investigate the optimal selection of scan parameters in intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) gastric cancer patients with 3.0 T MR. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with gastric cancer confirmed by gastroscopy pathology from December 2018 to October 2019 in our hospital were collected prospectively for preoperative MRI examination. Patients were divided into A, B two groups with the random digital table method. Group A increased the number of signal average and extended repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE) appropriately. Group B reduced the number of signal average and reduced the TR and TE. The other parameters of the two groups are the same. The scanning time of A, B two groups was 14 min and 7 min 12 s respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast noise ratio (CNR), and the ADCslow, ADCfast, f value of the lesion were measured for each patient's IVIM-DWI sequence (b values equal to 1200 t) images. The differences of SNR, CNR, ADCslow, ADCfast, f value were compared by independent sample t test, and the image quality was evaluated subjectively by double-blind method. Results: The SNR values of A and B group were 56.60±34.64, 53.50±20.21. And the CNR values were 44.95±18.52, 41.38±31.72, and the ADCslow values were 0.635±0.274, 0.818±0.305, the ADCfast values were 6.100±1.075, 6.471±1.549, the f values were 0.419±0.184, 0.402± 0.193. There was no significant difference in SNR, CNR, ADCslow, ADCfast, f values between A and B groups (P＞0.05). The subjective scores of images between A and B groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Not only the scanning time is obviously shortened, but also the image quality can meet the diagnostic requirements by reducing the number of signal average and shortening the TR, TE scanning scheme appropriately. Thus improve the feasibility of MR examination for gastric cancer patients.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Texture analysis and machine learning based on T2 weighted image in distinguishing renal angiomyolipoma without visible fat and renal cell carcinoma]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.009</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To distinguish between renal angiomyolipoma without visible fat (AMLwvf) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using T2WI texture analysis and machine learning. Materials and Methods: 80 cases of renal tumors were analyzed retrospectively, including AMLwvf (n=20), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (n=20), papillary renal cell carcinoma (n=20) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (n=20). Lesions were delineated on software by two radiologists to extract the corresponding volumes of interest (VOI) and then 93 features were generated. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there was no significant difference between renal carcinoma subtypes, so renal carcinoma subtypes were combined into one group (renal carcinoma, n=60). Univariable analysis was carried out through Mann-Whitney U test and Holm-Bonferroni method to find the best features and analyze the diagnostic performance. Modeling with multiple features: after the primary selection of features by Pearson correlation coefficient, the C5.0 node of IBM SPSS modeler software calculated the relative importance ranking of features. Top 2, 3, 4 and 5 most important features were used to form 4 feature subsets. Decision tree C5.0 model was built with or without boosting. The differentiation and generalization ability of each model was evaluated to find the best one as the final model. Results: Univariable analysis: after Holm-Bonferroni correction, four different features were screened: minimum, 10 percentile, difference variance and contrast. The area under the curve was 0.888, 0.837, 0.789 and 0.777, respectively. The range of positive predictive value was 50.00%—69.57%. Modeling with multiple features: 8 decision tree C5.0 models were constructed. The area under the curve of final model was 0.950. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of final model were 90.00%, 100%, 100%, 96.77% and 97.5%, respectively. The accuracy based on cross validation is 95.0%. Conclusions: Univariable analysis based on T2WI has limited clinical application value because of its low positive predictive value. Decision tree C5.0 model has high accuracy and good generalization ability to distinguish AMLwvf and RCC, which is helpful to make reasonable treatment plan in clinic.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Study of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and brain functional connectivity in patients with end-stage renal disease of Uygur population in Southern of Xinjiang]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.010</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To investigate the characteristics of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and brain functional connectivity (FC) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in southern of Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region by using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Materials and Methods: Rs-fMRI examinations were performed in 15 Uyghur patients with ESRD and 20 gender- , age- and education-matched healthy Uyghurs who were long-term residents of the same area. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Scale was used to test the cognitive ability of the ESRD patients. The ALFF and seed-based FC were computed and compared between ESRD patients and healthy controls. The relationships between the altered ALFF or FC and clinical indicators were further assessed in Uyghur ESRD patients by using the Pearson correlation. Results: Compared with control group, ESRD group showed decreased ALFF (spontaneous activity) in the bilateral precuneus (peak location: right precuneus). Seed-based FC analysis showed the FC between right precuneus and the right precuneus, bilateral middle cingulate, bilateral posterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal cortex in ESRD group were lower than those of the control group. In the ESRD group, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the FC between right precuneus and right medial orbitofrontal was positively correlated with the MoCA score (r=0.683, P= 0.005). Conclusions: The decreased spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the default mode network in the Uyghur ESRD may cause brain function impairment and cognitive deficit.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Value of 3.0 T MR diffusion-weighted imaging and ROC curve in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with prostate cancer]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.011</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To explore the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with prostate cancer who underwent lymph node dissection were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent conventional MRI and DWI before operation. Three hundred and three lymph nodes were removed. The difference of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes was compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the cutoff value for metastatic lymph nodes detection was determined, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. Results: The ADC of metastatic lymph nodes (0.816±0.105)×10-3 mm2/s was lower than that of non-metastatic lymph nodes (1.298±0.251)×10-3 mm2/s, P=0.025. ROC curve showed that the ADC value for the best critical point of diagnosis for metastatic lymph nodes was 0.970×10-3 mm2/s. The sensitivity was 94.5%, specificity was 74.5%, accuracy was 67.0%. Conclusions: Value of ADC is helpful in differentiating metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in prostate cancer.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The feasibility of reduced field-of-view DWI in the evaluation of bone marrow edema in knee joint contusion]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.012</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To investigate the feasibility of reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging (rFOV DWI) in evaluating bone marrow edema lesions (BMLs) after knee trauma. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with knee trauma were examined by sagittal proton density-weighted imaging fat-saturated (PDWI-FS) sequence, full-field diffusion-weighted imaging (fFOV DWI), and rFOV DWI. The image quality of rFOV DWI and fFOV DWI of the knee and the ADC values of BMLs were compared using the paired student t-test. The number of BMLs in the knee joints among the three sequences was compared with the Chi-square test. Results: 109, 180 and 179 BMLs were detected on PDWI, rFOV and fFOV DWI ADC maps, respectively. BMLs detected on PDWI could almost be consistently detected on ADC maps of the two DWI techniques, and 70 lesions were additionally detected. The image quality of rFOV DWI was more excellent than that of fFOV DWI in knee bone contusion (P＜0.05). The mean ADC value of BMLs measured on rFOV DWI was lower than that measured on fFOV DWI, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01). Conclusions: The ability of both rFOV and fFOV DWI ADC maps in detecting traumatic BMLs of the knee is higher than the corresponding PDWI-FS. Moreover, the image quality of rFOV DWI is higher than that of fFOV DWI, which helps improve diagnostic confidence in BMLs.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Application of a dedicated surface coil in thyroid MRI provides superior image quality]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.013</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To evaluate the quality of thyroid gland magnetic resonance images acquired using a surface coil exclusively designed for thyroid gland. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, forty-nine volunteers underwent MR examination using the surface coil exclusively designed for thyroid gland under a thyroid MR protocol including T1WI, T2WI, T2WI-FS (fat-suturation), DWI-STIR (diffusion weighted imaging-STIR) and DWI-FOCUS. For the qualitative evaluation, double-blinded evaluation was performed by two experienced radiologists on the image quality according to the Likert Scale scoring criteria, and then the consistency of the scoring results was analyzed. As for quantitative evaluation, the consistency in signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) measured between each lobe of the thyroid gland on the MR images with different sequences was analyzed. Results: Based on the subjective scoring criteria, all of the T1WI, T2WI, T2WI-FS images were rated no less than 4 points, while all of DWI-STIR and DWI-FOCUS images were rated no less than 3 points by two radiologists. Two radiologists agreed perfectly in the ratings of T1WI, T2WI, T2WI-FS, DWI-STIR and DWI-FOCUS sequences with consistency of 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, 0.93 and 0.89, respectively. For the objective evaluation in consistencies between two lobes of thyroid gland for the T1WI, T2WI, T2WI-FS, DWI-STIR and DWI-FOCUS sequences, consistency of 0.957, 0.937, 0.924, 0.871 and 0.848 for the mean signal intensities, 0.945, 0.957, 0.885, 0.825 and 0.773 for the signal-to-noise ratio, 0.577, 0.704, 0.740, 0.710 and 0.589 for the contrast-to-noise ration were obtained with mean signal intensities of 1246.39, 1345.03, 860.88, 236.91 and 569.06, SNRs of 17.56, 33.18, 42.82, 27.99 and 19.53, CNRs of 0.20, 5.36, 3.07, 16.01 and 9.91, respectively for each sequence. Conclusions: The thyroid MR images acquired using the exclusively designed surface coil have high subjective rating scores, homogeneous signal intensity, high consistency in signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratios and contrast-to-noise ratio, which suggests that they could meet the requirement for clinical diagnosis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The effect of different scanning schemes on the image quality in evaluating the relationship between axillary lymph nodes and blood vessels of breast cancer]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.014</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To evaluate the relationship between axillary lymph nodes and blood vessels in breast cancer by using the technique of mDIXON-MRA, and to explore the influence of different bolus injection rate and delayed scanning time on image quality. Materials and Methods: Using Philips INGENIA 3.0 T DNA MR scanner, we collected the MR diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and vascular imaging of the armpit region of 77 patients with clinically confirmed breast cancer from December 2018 to January 2020. The patients were divided into four groups, and the bolus injection rate was 1.5 mL/s, 2.0 mL/s, 2.5 mL/s, 3.0 mL/s, respectively. After post-processing and reconstruction, two radiologists evaluated and graded the images respectively, measured and calculated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), judged the relationship between lymph nodes and peripheral blood vessels, and made statistical analysis based on the gold standard of clinical pathological results. Results: The mean values of the four groups (1.5 mL/s, 2.0 mL/s, 2.5 mL/s, 3.0 mL/s) were 1.375±0.405, 1.446±0.375, 1.953±0.351 and 1.422±0.428, respectively. The mean values of SNR were 6.363±0.474, 5.028±0.510, 6.320±0.325, 6.638±0.446, and the mean values of CNR were 4.345±1.670, 5.528±1.794, 5.506±1.143, 5.376±1.569. There was no significant effect on the relationship between axillary lymph nodes and peripheral blood vessels (P＞0.05). Different delayed scanning time showed the difference of axillary vessels (P＜0.05). The average score of early group and late group was 1.561±1.001 and 2.250±1.443, respectively. The average values of SNR were 5.966±1.699, 6.791±1.926, and the average values of CNR were 5.506±0.829, 5.504±0.825. The delay time of early and late group also showed the difference (P＜0.05). Compared with the evaluation results of breast surgery, the best evaluation effect is phase 20, and the evaluation effect is similar from phase 25 to phase 30 and phase 20, and the effect of late delay time is higher than that of early. Conclusions: The effect of different injection bolus rate and delayed scanning time on showing the relationship between axillary lymph nodes and blood vessels is different by using mDIXON-MRA technology. In this study, the injection bolus rate of 1.5 mL/s and delayed scanning time of 150 seconds are recommended to be the best.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The guiding significance of parameter optimized MRI on thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic stroke]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.015</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To explore the efficacy and clinical significance of parametric optimal MRI in the thrombolytic therapy of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Materials and Methods: Control study was used. All the 112 cases of AIS patients admitted to the department of neurology of Zhangye People's Hospital Affiliated to Hexi University from March 2018 to March 2020 were selected as the research objects. Among them, 54 cases of AIS patients admitted from March 2018 to February 2019 were included in the control group, and 58 cases of AIS patients admitted from March 2019 to March 2020 were included in the study group. The head MRI was the preferred imaging examination, and intravenous thrombolysis was performed in the control group, conventional MRI examination was performed in the control group, and parameter optimization MRI examination was performed in the research group. The two groups were compared in terms of the time from admission to MRI (DIT), MRI to imaging to needle time (INT), MRI examination time, and onset to needle time (ONT), door-to-needle time (DNT), and the rate of MRI examination before treatment, DNT＜60 min ratio, mRS score 0—2 at discharge, and the occurrence of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage and death.Results: In the study group, ONT, INT, MRI examination time, DIT and DNT were (178.56±39.20) min, (30.15±5.24) min, (5.30±0.42) min, (26.91±5.72) min, (58.31±10.47) min, respectively. The control group was (204.13±35.29) min, (43.48±12.80) min, (10.08±1.04) min, (49.04±12.55) min, and (87.20±23.92) min, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). Before treatment, 81.03% of the study group received MRI examination, DNT＜60 min accounted for 67.24%, and mRS score of 0—2 accounted for 60.34% at discharge, while the control group was 61.11%, 14.81%, and 44.44%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). However, there was no significant difference between symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage rate (1.72% VS 3.52%) and mortality rate (1.72% VS 3.52%) (P＞0.05). Conclusions: Optimization of MRI can provide good guidance for thrombolytic therapy of AIS patients within 4.5 h, effectively shorten the time from admission to thrombolytic therapy, and improve the efficiency of clinical treatment. Therefore, MRI can be used as the preferred examination method.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Compared study of the cerebral artery stenosis assessed by ZTE-MRA and TOF-MRA]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.016</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To compare the image quality and the diagnostic value of zero-echo-time MR angiography (ZTE-MRA) and time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) in the evaluation of cerebral artery stenosis. Materials and Methods: Nineteen cases of cerebral artery stenosis were examined by ZTE-MRA and TOF-MRA at the same time. DSA examination was conducted within one week of MRA examination, to evaluate the accuracy, reliability and specificity of ZTE MRA and TOF-MRA. Results: Among the images obtained by ZTE-MRA and TOF-MRA, the proportion of the images with good score was 84% and 74%. There was no significant difference in the image quality score between the two methods (P＞0.05). The average SNR of ZTE-MRA and TOF-MRA were 14.2 and 19.4, respectively. The rank sum test of the two groups of independent samples showed no statistical difference (P＞0.05). Based on the diagnosis of cerebral artery stenosis, the sensitivity and specificity of ZTE-MRA were 100% and 98%. The sensitivity and specificity of TOF-MRA in the diagnosis of cerebral arterial stenosis were 85% and 96%, respectively. Compared the consistency of TOF-MRA and DSA, the Kappa value was 0.776, indicating a good consistency between the two. The accuracy rate of grade 1—2 and grade 3—4 arterial stenosis diagnosed by ZTE-MRA was 57% and 81%. Among the TOF-MRA, the accuracy rate of grade 1—2 and grade 3—4 arterial stenosis was 46% and 31%. There was no statistical difference between the two methods in the diagnosis of grade 1—2 arterial stenosis (P＞0.05), and there was statistical difference between the two methods in the diagnosis of grade 3—4 arterial stenosis (P＜0.05). Conclusions: ZTE-MRA had comparative image quality with TOF-MRA. There was no significant difference between the two methods in the diagnosis of grade 1—2 cerebral arterial stenosis. ZTE-MRA had high value in the diagnosis of grade 3—4 cerebral artery stenosis, accuracy is higher than TOF-MRA.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Clinical and imaging identification between hepatic amyloidosis and hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.017</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: The pathological site of hepatic amyloidosis and hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome is the space of disse. The imaging findings can be similar, but the clinical manifestations lack specificity. It is easy to be misdiagnosed due to lack of clinical understanding. To summarize the clinical and imaging characteristics of hepatic amyloidosis and hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, and to improve the diagnosis of the two diseases. Materials and Methods: Reviewed the clinical and imaging data of 11 patients with hepatic amyloidosis and 20 patients with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome diagnosed pathologically in Beijing You'an Hospital from 2009 to 2019, and compared their differences. Results: (1) The typical clinical features of hepatic amyloidosis were giant liver, slight liver damage but significant increased in ALP and GGT. Most patients with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in China had taken tunotoginseng history. The clinical features were mostly jaundice with liver. Functional impairment, coagulation dysfunction and increased CA125 were the main manifestations. (2) Imaging examination: ①The stiffness of liver amyloidosis on ultrasound was extremely high (≥75 kPa), which was significantly higher than that of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome [(44.65±19.01) kPa]; ②Hepatic amyloidosis on MRI T2WI, the liver parenchymal signal was uniform and fine, and the liver "texture" was reduced; the enhanced liver parenchymal enhancement was reduced and the enhancement peak was delayed. The liver parenchyma in the venous phase shows "windows Linghua " -like changes, which might be accompanied by low blood flow in the spleen or kidneys. Signs of perfusion, on the other hand, the T2WI liver parenchymal signal of hepatic sinus obstruction syndrome was unevenly increased, showing irregular patches or "cloudy" -like slightly high signal shadows; enhanced scan portal phase liver parenchyma could show map-like enhancement, surrounding three hepatic veins "Clover" -like enhancement, the delayed phase enhancement range was enlarged; ③Amyloidosis, the hepatic artery and the main portal vein diameter were larger than the hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome patients (P＜0.05); the common point of the images of the two cases was the venous phase Ⅲ . The branch hepatic veins were not visible or appear slender. Conclusions: There are some differences on the cause, clinical characteristic, and characteristic of images between hepatic amyloidosis and hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome, all of them contribute to differential diagnosis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Application of apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis in the grading of gastrointestinal stromaltumors]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.018</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To study the application value of tumors volume based apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in grading diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors were retrospectively analyzed, including 12 cases of very low-risk and low-risk group, 9 cases of middle-risk group, and 23 cases of high-risk group. Regions of interest (ROI) in the apparent diffusion coefficient maps of three groups on each layer of tumor level were drawn by using 3D Slicer software and were analyzed using the whole tumors gray histogram. ROC curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of ADC histogram in distinguishing the three groups. Results: Through histogram analysis of 11 parameters, two parameters were statistically significant (P＜0.05), including minimum and perc.10%. The remaining 9 parameters had no significant difference between the three groups (P＞0.05). Between the very low-risk and low-risk group and the middle-risk, the sensitivity of minimun was 88.89%, the specificity was 58.33%, the area under the curve was 0.750, and the best cut-off value was 0. Between the middle-risk and high-risk, the sensitivity of perc.10% was 91.3%, the specificity was 44.44%, the area under the curve was 0.638, and the best cut-off value was 1021. Between the very low-risk and low-risk group and the high-risk, the sensitivity of minimun was 91.3%, the specificity was 66.67%, the area under the curve was 0.786, and the best cut-off value was 1021. Conclusions: Histograms analysis of ADC maps could provide ancillary diagnosis value in grading diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Minimun and perc.10% had a identification diagnostic efficiency.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The feasibility study of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in predicting peritoneal cancer index in patients with advanced ovarian cancer]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.019</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To evaluate the potential of diffusion weighted MRI in predicting peritoneal cancer index (PCI) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and whether patients can perform complete tumor cell extinction. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included 25 patients with advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO stage IIb and above) who received cytoreductive surgery at Dandong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from June 2016 to May 2018. Included patients underwent a 1.5 T magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging scan before surgery [the scan sequence in DW-MRI examination includes T1 and T2-weighted imaging sequence, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging (b=0, 1000 s/mm2)] sequence. Two associate chief radiologists performed independent reading without knowing the pathology of the operation. Results: The study found that the results of the readers were consistent with the intraoperative peritoneal cancer index, and the intra-group correlation coefficient reached 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.64—0.96). Reader 1 (area under the curve=0.96) and reader 2 (area under the curve=0.98) magnetic resonance imaging peritoneal cancer index and intraoperative peritoneal cancer index (area under the curve=0.92) display and complete cytoreductive surgery similar predictions. Conclusions: In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, DW-MRI can be regarded as a powerful non-invasive selection tool in the PCI score, which is of great significance for determining whether to perform complete cytoreductive surgery.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Research progress of radiomics in predicting the genotyping of gliomas]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.021</link>
<description><![CDATA[Glioma is a common primary brain tumor in adults. Genotyping plays an important role in prognosis analysis and personalized treatment of glioma patients. Therefore, noninvasive prediction of glioma genotyping before operation has become a hot research topic. MRI-based radiomics has the potential to broadly characterize intratumoral heterogeneity, predict glioma related genotypes, and demonstrate a good supporting role in clinical guidance. This article reviews the progress of radiomics in predicting the genotypes of gliomas.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The progress in neuroimaging of ischemic stroke]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.022</link>
<description><![CDATA[When a man suffers from stroke, some issues must be addressed, including stroke pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and evaluation of recovery potential. Advances in clinical technology have allowed for better monitoring and personalized therapy in different stages of stroke, including prevention, acute stroke and post-stroke rehabilitation. The development of neuroimaging can quantify tissue function and healthy status, so as to triage patients for preventative treatment and optimize their therapies. This review will focus on the progress of advanced MRI neuroimaging methods in ischemic stroke.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Progresses of structural and functional MRI in predicting post-concussion syndrome]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.023</link>
<description><![CDATA[Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of brain injury. After an accident, patients have short-term loss of consciousness, amnesia and mental state changes. Most patients' symptoms recovered in a short time, while some patients' discomfort persisted and developed into post-concussion syndrome (PCS). The appearance of PCS seriously affects patients' daily work and life, but the pathophysiological mechanism of PCS is still unclear. With the development of advanced MRI technology, more and more researches have explored the brain microstructure and functional changes of mTBI, discussed the mechanism of PCS and predicted PCS.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Advances in brain fMRI research of scalp acupuncture therapy]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.024</link>
<description><![CDATA[Scalp acupuncture is an important part of the acupuncture system and is widely used in clinical practice. However, papers about its principle of action are not enough to fully clarify the mechanism of scalp acupuncture and guide its development direction. Due to its unique advantages, functional magnetic resonance imaging technology has become the preferred method for studying the mechanism of the central effect of acupuncture on the brain. Through reading and analyzing relevant literature and the overall research trend in this field, we found that the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging technology to research on scalp acupuncture therapy mainly focuses on specific brain area activation, analysis of the mechanism of acupuncture action, and combination therapy. The specific brain functional areas activated by scalp acupuncture point selection are closely related to the underlying disease. It can coordinate multiple brain areas to improve motor function and enhance cognitive ability.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Application and development of MRI in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.025</link>
<description><![CDATA[Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is a common sleep disorder. Intermittent breathing during sleep will cause frequent hypoxia and severe sleep disruption, leading to structural, metabolic and functional abnormalities in several brain regions, leading to neurocognitive deficits. Because of the advantages of multi-sequence imaging and various imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging has a very good advantage in explaining the changes of central nervous system, and provides an objective imaging basis for clinical understanding of the pathogenesis and cognitive dysfunction of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Application progress of cardiac magnetic resonance in analysis of myocardial strain in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.026</link>
<description><![CDATA[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary cardiomyopathy with diverse clinical phenotypes and a high incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. Cardiac magnetic resonance is gradually widely used in clinical practice due to its advantages of multiple angles and multiple parameters. Cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial strain analysis, which has emerged in recent years, can evaluate myocardial motor function early and is of great value for early diagnosis and prognosis. This article reviews the application progress of myocardial strain analysis in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Clinical application of blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance in cardiovascular diseases]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.027</link>
<description><![CDATA[Traditional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging depends on exogenous contrast agents to evaluate myocardial blood supply and metabolism. Blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance is able to assess myocardial oxygenation by detecting the changes of deoxyhemoglobin, without the need of contrast agent. As a noninvasive functional imaging technology, it is promising in explaining the pathophysiological processes related to oxygen metabolism. This article aims to review the clinical application of this novel method in cardiovascular diseases in recent years.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Research progress of quantitative MRI radiomics in multiple sclerosis]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.028</link>
<description><![CDATA[The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is on the rise globally. MS is believed to be caused by complex gene-environmental factors, but the specific pathogenesis is still unknown. Early detection and treatment is an important means to delay or reduce MS disability rate. With the development of technology and the emergence of new sequences, MRI becomes more important in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the clinical value of monitoring the progress. Advanced MRI techniques are helpful to further explore the pathogenesis of MS. Currently, MS is considered as a brain isomerism process characterized by extensive damage to the central nervous system and not just multiple focal demyelination of the white matter. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), which is considered a specific marker of axonal dysfunction, can reliably support the hypothesis of generalized disease impairment. In this paper, the application of craniocerebral qMRI in MS in recent years is reviewed.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Progress of artificial intelligence-based pathology in tumor diagnosis and treatment]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.029</link>
<description><![CDATA[Early detection and accurate diagnosis of tumors are crucial to the choice of treatment and the improvement of survival rate. As the gold standard of early diagnosis of tumor, pathology is a highly subjective, tedious, and non-repeatable process that histopathologists make a diagnosis by visually analyzing the tissue structure and cytopathic characteristics of the sample. With the development of artificial intelligence technology in recent years, especially radiomics can extract quantitative features from MRI images with high throughput, and convert images into high-dimensional and extractable data which show great advantages in tumor diagnosis, classification, prognosis. Quantitative analysis of pathological images based on artificial intelligence also has unique value in tumor diagnosis and treatment. It not only improves the accuracy and objectivity of tumor diagnosis, but also reduces the work of pathologists. Under certain circumstances, the ability to recognize slides exceeds that of professional pathologists. The combination of radiomics and pathological data is a new research trend. This paper reviews the application of artificial intelligence-based pathology in tumors, the role of pathology information in MRI and future prospects.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The principle of pH imaging with MR and its research progress on the formation mechanism and development of tumor acidic microenvironment]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.02.030</link>
<description><![CDATA[Tumor tissues have unique pathophysiological characteristics, among which, the pH dysregulation becomes an important feature of the tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, the acidic microenvironment of tumor plays a key role in malignant biological behaviors such as tumor development, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect the pH of tumor extracellular environment for the early diagnosis of tumor, evaluating the occurrence and development of tumor and to monitor the clinical application of anticancer drugs. MRI can achieve non-invasive, in vivo, dynamic, real-time and quantitative characteristics in the imaging detection of tumor acidic microenvironment. It has the potential of diagnosing tumor earlier, guiding individual treatment as well as monitoring the curative effect of tumor treatment. This review based on the formation mechanism and pathophysiological significance of tumor acidic microenvironment, then summarizes the existing pH imaging with MR techniques and methods. In order to provide theoretical basis and data supporting for developing novel magnetic resonance pH imaging technology, thus promoting its clinical transformation and application.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat,20 Feb 2021 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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