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<title>Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging RSS feed</title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/contents_list.asp?issue=201206</link>
<language>zh-cn</language>
<copyright>An RSS feed for Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging</copyright>
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<title><![CDATA[Evaluation of complex multidimensional diagnostic data in modern radiology: systematic approach using the k-nearest-neighbor algorithm for nonparametric classification in a clinical dataset]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.001</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: The k-nearest neighbor algorithm (kNN) is feasible to condense complex medical information into one binary clinical diagnosis (e.g. malignant vs. benign). This study was designed to analyze diagnostic accuracy of the kNN in a large clinical dataset. Material and Methods: In this IRB-approved investigation a database of 543 histologically veriﬁed breast lesions imaged by breast MRI (standardized protocols) was analyzed. All lesions were prospectively evaluated by two experienced (>500 examinations) radiologists applying previously published descriptors. The kNN was used for differential diagnosis of malignant vs. benign lesions: First, Recursive Feature Elimination was applied to identify importance of individual descriptors. Accordingly, categories of most important descriptors were created (“top-3”, “top-7” and “top-12”, “all”). Corresponding descriptors were used as input data and the four resulting kNN were quantified, independently (4-fold cross validation; AUC: Area under the ROC-curve) followed by AUC-comparison. Results: Histopathology revealed 196 benign and 347 malignant lesions. Highest AUC was 0.940 (“all” descriptors). It decreased slightly to 0.928 if the “top-12” descriptors were used (P=0.23). Further reduction of input-dimensionality signiﬁcantly decreased (P<0.05) accuracy of the kNN (“top-7”: AUC=0.895; “top-3”: AUC=0.816). Conclusion: The kNN showed high diagnostic accuracy for prediction of malignancy on unknown data (AUC=0.940). For this approach application of detailed descriptors (n≥12) is useful, demonstrating the beneﬁt of kNN for the assessment of multidimensional radiological data.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Preliminary study of phase-contrast cine MRI in measurement of sigmoid sinus blood flow]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.002</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective:  To research the feasibility of measuring hemodynamic information of sigmoid sinus with phase-contrast cine MRI (PC cine MRI) in vivo. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy adult volunteers underwent MR examination. The velocity encoded PC cine MRI was applied to measure the hemodynamic parameters in the middle of bilateral sigmoid sinus, including the peak positive velocity (PPV), peak negative velocity (PNV), average ﬂow volume per beat (AFV/B), average positive ﬂow volume per beat (APFV/B), and the average negative flow volume per beat (ANFV/B). On the basis of above measured hemodynamic parameters, heart rate (HR), and the cross sectional area of sigmoid sinus, the average ﬂow volume per minute (AFV/M), average positive ﬂow volume per minute (APFV/M), average negative ﬂow volume per minute (ANFV/M), average positive velocity (APV), average negative velocity (ANV), and the regurgitation fraction (RF) were calculated. Results: The PPV of the left and right sigmoid sinus were (24.7±7.4) cm/s, (29.8±4.7) cm/s respectively, the APV (10.6±2.9) cm/s, (15.7±3.3) cm/s, the APFV/B (3.8±2.0) ml/beat,  (5.2±2.0) ml/beat, the APFV/M (252.3±125.4) ml/min, (345.5±125.8) ml/min, the AFV/B (3.8±2.0) ml/beat, (5.1±1.9) ml/beat, and AFV/M (250.9±126.4) ml/min, (335.4±117.0) ml/min. The interquartile range of PNV of left and right sigmoid sinus were 0.2—34.3 cm/s, 0—34.4 cm/s respectively, ANV 0—0.3 cm/s, 0—1.0 cm/s, ANFV/B 0—0.1 ml/beat, 0—0.4 ml/beat, ANFV/M 0—6.5 ml/min, 0—30 ml/min, and RF 0%—2.7%, 0%—6.3%. There were statistically signiﬁcant increase of the PPV and APV on the right sigmoid sinus without statistically signiﬁcant differences in other hemodynamic parameters between left and right sigmoid sinus. Conclusion: The hemodynamic parameters in sigmoid sinus can be measured with PC cine MRI.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Value of MRI in evaluating the children with congenital inner ear malformations before cochlear implantation]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.003</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in congenital inner ear malformations before cochlear implantation surgery. Materials and Methods: MRI of fifty-six children with inner ear malformations who were younger than 3 years old were retrospectively analyzed according to the latest classification criteria. Results: Of all 56 cases (107 ears) inner ear malformations,there were cochlear malformations in 56 ears, vestibular malformations in 68 ears,semicircular canal malformations in 71 ears, large endolymphatic duct and sac syndrome in 37 ears, internal auditory canal malformations in 50 ears, cochlear nerve dysplasia in 58 ears. Conclusion: The congenital malformations of inner ear can be well demonstrated by MRI. Therefore it should be used routinely before cochlear implantation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[MRI diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.004</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective:  To study the MRI ﬁndings of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck. Materials and Methods: All 20 cases of ACC were veriﬁed by histopathology. MRI data were analyzed retrospectively. Meantime, CT scanning were done in 15 cases. Results: The lesion mainly occurred in nasal cavity and paranasal sinus in 7 cases, in orbital 5 cases, in pterygopalatine fossa 3 cases, cranium, nasal and orbital were diffuse involved 2 cases, in root of tongue 2 cases, in external ear 1 case. The lesion involved two and more anatomic structures 15 cases, among them 9 cases involved pterygopalatine fossa, 9 cases involved maxillary nerve, 6 cases involved mandibular nerve, 8 cases involved nerve of pterygoid canal, 8 cases involved middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinus. On MR T1WI, the lesion showed isointensity in 13 cases and slightly hypointensity in 7 cases. On T2WI, the lesion showed isointensity in 13 cases, slightly or hyperintensity in 7 cases. All 20 cases showed heterogeneous intensity, showed short T1 and long or mixed T2 signal in 4 cases. Postcontrast MRI demonstrated obvious heterogeneous enhancement in 8 cases, moderate enhancement in 12 cases. Among 11 cases dynamic contrast MRI, dynamic contrast curve showed rapid ascend, then platform 7 cases, persistent ascend 4 cases. On CT of 15 cases, showed osteolytic bony destruction in 13 cases. Conclusion: MRI can demonstrate the invaded extent of the lesions clearly, and can provide more comprehensive information in diagnosis and therapy of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Calculation ability in mild vascular cognitive impairment and normal aging: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.005</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective: To explore the difference of arithmetic calculation between the normal elders with non cognitive impairment and the patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment (MVCI) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with vascular cognitive impairment and 12 non-cognitive-disable elders were scanned by MRI when they performed calculation.Comparing the normal cognitive patients with MVCI group in situation of activated voxels by subtraction within 20 and in the laterality of functional areas in frontal lobe and parietal lobe by subtraction, as well as comparing the reaction time and accuracy by through behavior data. Results: During the subtraction task, the behavior data showed that accuracy rate in MVCI group was lower than normal one (χ2=18.6, P<0.001) and the reaction time in MVCI group was longer than the normal group (t=3.676, P<0.05).Compared to the normal group, the MVCI group exhibited hypo-activity in bilateral parietal lobe (inferior parietal lobule mainly), bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, right posterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral occipital and bilateral cerebellar (P<0.005). In subtraction, for both right handed groups, activation of functional areas of frontal and parietal lobe had the left laterality. In nomal group, the laterality index of parietal lobe was higher than that of frontal lobe, while in MVCI group it was on the contrary. Conclusion: The patients with MVCI has an insufficient in calculation ability and somehow compensation. The study of the calculation fMRI can offer a powerful reference for the diagnosis of MVCI.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Relationships between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and pathological types and immunohistochemical findings of patients in breast cancer]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.006</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective:  The aim of the current study was to determine the relationships between contrast MRI and pathological types and histopathological findings of patients in breast cancer.  Materials and Methods: Patients (n=33) who suspected breast cancer because of palpable mass or sonography were selected to perform MRI in preoperative phase. All patients were underwent breast tumor surgical resection or biopsy, definiting pathological type, and on postoperative specimens for immunohistochemical staining. Patient’s pathology type, receptor status (ER, PR, CD34 and p53), and lymph node status were recorded. These patients were all women, the mean age of them was 50.9±10.6 (ranging 25 to 71 years). MR examinations were performed with the patients prone in a 1.5 tesla commercially available system (Signa Infinity Excite Ⅱ, GE, USA) using a dedicated surface breast coil. Imaging sequences included line cross section T1WI, fat-suppressed T2WI, and the ipsilateral sagittal plane T2WI scanning. A ipsilateral sagittal fat-suppression dynamic contrast-enhanced T1WI acquisitions were performed before and twelve times after a rapid bolus injection of 0.1 mmol/L of Gd-DTPA per kilogram of body weight, then T1WI DCE-MRI was acquired. The maximal intensity projection reconstructions were extracted from the dynamic contrast-enhanced images. The time-signal intensity curves (TIC) of the dynamic enhancement MRI was obtained in a workstation. The measurement of the size of the tumor in the sagittal plane enhancement images were analyzed for each patient, including of MRI morphologic features, signal characteristics and the patterns of TIC. Chi-Square tests (Fisher exact test ) was used to comparing two-groups variable correlations.  Results: Cases were classiﬁed into invasive ductal carcinoma (n=24) and non- invasive ductal carcinoma (n=9). There were 11 cases of axillary lymph node metastasis conﬁrmed by pathology. Statistical analysis showed that lesions long path in MRI was correlated with p53 and lymph node metastasis conﬁrmed by pathology, and axillary lymph node metastasis conﬁrmed by pathology was correlated with p53 (P <0.01). If the patterns of TIC was categorized into platform-type and non-platform-type, it was correlated with the size of axillary lymph node in MRI (P <0.01). The pathological type of breast cancer was associated with CD34 (P <0.05).  Conclusion: The contrast-enhanced MRI features of breast cancer seem to be associated with immunohistochemistry indicators.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Diagnosis in 3.0 T MRI of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.007</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective:  To investigate the imaging appearance of infiltrating ductal carcinoma at 3.0 T MRI and improve the diagnosis accuracy of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Imaging data of 65 patients (69 lesions) with infiltrating ductal carcinoma proved by operation or biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. All underwent plain, dynamic contrast-enhanced and DWI scan using 3.0 T MRI. The MRI features analyzed included morphological characteristics, hemodynamic performance, the time-signal intensity curve (TIC) and mean ADC. The ADC values for inﬁltrating ductal carcinoma and normal breast tissue were compared using paired t test and using the grouping design analysis of variance comparison between three type curve difference between ADC values. Results: Sixty-ﬁve cases (69 cases of focal)  infiltrating ductal carcinoma were performanced with the mass [58.0% (40/69)] or non-mass-like [42.0% (29/69)], margin irregular, equal [36.2% (25/69)] or low signal intensity [63.8% (44/69)] on T1WI, slightly high [27.5% (19/69)] or high signal intensity [72.5% (50/69)] on T2WI, the DWI is slightly high [49.3% (34/69)] or high signal [50.7% (35/69)], the enhanced scanning mass type was early heterogeneous enhancement, internal septal enhancement, non-mass-like give priority to catheter-like and clustered like, time-signal intensity curve to Ⅱ curve [56.5% (39/69)], Ⅲ curve [37.7% (26/69)] is given priority to. With b=1000 mm2/s, the mean ADC values for inﬁltrating ductal carcinoma [(0.93±0.21)×10－3 mm2/s], still can't think three type curve difference between ADC values with a statistical signiﬁcance (F=0.182, P=0.834>0.05). Conclusion: Application the 3.0 T MRI dynamic contrast-enhanced and DWI scan, can better show lesions form and the strengthen way, combined with morphology characteristics, hemodynamic performance and function characteristics, help to inﬁltrating ductal carcinoma of preoperative diagnosis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Comparison study on differentiating active from remissive Crohn<sup><sup>,</sup></sup>s disease by 3.0 T and 1.0 T MRI]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.008</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective:  To investigate whether 3.0 T MRI can offer better diagnostic value over 1.0 T MRI for evaluating the disease activity of Crohn's disease (CD). Materials and Methods: 36 patients were examined with a 3.0 T MR system and 30 patients were examined with a 1.0 T MR system to evaluate the activity of CD compared with clinical diagnosis based on manifesting wall thickening, increased enhancement, stenosis, “comb sign,” enlarged lymph node, fistula, ulceration, and abscess. Clinical diagnosis is the “gold standard”. MRI morphology of each patient was scored by two radiologists. If the score of a patient was ≥4, the patient was diagnosed as active CD. The statistical analysis of bowel wall thickness measurement was independent-samples t-test. The statistical analysis of the display rate of the MRI morphology was chi-square test. Results: The clinical reference standard revealed 25 in 3.0 T MR group (25/36) and 22 in 1.0 T MRI group (22/30) to have active disease at the time of presentation. The mean wall thickness of 76 disorder segments out of 216 measured by 3.0 T MRI was (3.22±0.93) mm. On the 3.0 T MR T1- weighted fat-saturated images, 62 of 76 disorder segment were detect signiﬁcant enhancement. In 3.0 T MR group, stenosis with prestenotic dilatation was seen in 7, “comb sign” was evident in 20 cases, enlarged mesareic lymph node was seen in 9 cases, ulceration was detected in 2 cases, ﬁstula was detected in 4 cases. Among the 36 patients examined with  3.0 T MR, the mean of the scores was 3.22±1.27. Eighteen cases had a score ≥4, thus indicating active CD. Sensitivity of 3.0 T MR for the depiction of the disease activity of CD was 68.0% (17/25), speciﬁcity was 90.9% (10/11), positive predictive value was 94.4% (17/18), negative predictive value was 55.6% (10/18). The mean wall thickness of 69 disorder segments out of 180 measured by 1.0 T MRI was (3.61±0.83) mm. On the 1.0 T MR T1- weighted fat-saturated images, 23 of 69 disorder segment were detect signiﬁcant enhancement. In 1.0 T MR group, stenosis with prestenotic dilatation was seen in 11 cases, “comb sign” was evident in 6 cases, enlarged mesareic lymph node  was seen in 3 cases, ulceration was detected in 3 cases. Among the  30 patients examined with 1.0 T MR, the mean of the scores was 3.13±1.25. 9 cases had a score ≥4, thus indicating active CD. Sensitivity of 1.0 T MR for the depiction of the disease activity of CD was 47.4% (9/19), speciﬁcity was 100% (11/11), positive predictive value was 100% (9/9), negative predictive value was 52.4% (11/21). There was signiﬁcant difference in measuring bowel wall thickness, showing bowl wall enhancement and “comb” sign between 3.0 T and 1.0 T MRI (P ＜0.05), which showed that 3.0 T was better than 1.0 T MRI. Conclusion: Our results have shown that 3.0 T MRI is more effective in differentiating active and remissive CD than 1.0 T MRI based on measuring bowel thickness, showing increased bowel wall enhancement and the “comb sign”.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Different b-value diffusion weighted imaging in differential diagnosis of upper urinary tract cancer and non-specific inflamation]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.009</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective:  To investigate the value of ADC derived from different b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating upper urinary tract cancer and non-speciﬁc inﬂamation. Materials and Methods:  Twenty four patients with upper urinary tract tumor (malignant group) and 14 patients with non-specific inflamation (inflamation group) underwent DWI with different b value on a 3 T MR imaging scanner. The ADC values and SNR among different b factors were measured respectively and analyzed statistically, ADC value of upper urinary tract cancer and non-specific inflamation was compared using Mann-Whitney U test, ADC value derived from different b value was compared using Friedman analysis and SNR of DWI with different b value was compared using ANOVA test. Results:  When ADC was derived from DWI with b value of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 s/mm2, the mean ADC value of malignant group was (1.70±0.40), (1.46±0.36, (1.21±0.28),(1.04±0.21)×10－3 mm2/s, the mean ADC value of inﬂamation group was (2.47±0.83),(1.99±0.49), (1.76±0.43), (1.49±0.36)×10－3 mm2/s. An increase in b-value was associated with a decrease in ADC value in upper urinary tract cancer as well as in non-speciﬁc inﬂamation. The ADC value of upper urinary tract cancer was signiﬁcantly lower than that of non-specific inflamation. The result of ROC analysis shows the differential abilitiy of b=1500, 2000 s/mm2 was signiﬁcantly higher than b=500, 1000 s/mm2 and there was no obvious different both in b=2000 vs b=1500 s/mm2 and b=1000 vs b=500 s/mm2. The SNR of DWI was decreased with the increasing of b value. The most optimal b-value in dfferential diagnosis was observed with b=1500 s/mm2, the cut off value was 1.42×10－3 mm2/s, the sensitivity of differential diagnosis was 78.6% and the speciﬁcity was 79.2%. Conclusion:  DWI with b=1500 s/mm2 is of promising value in differential diagnosis of upper urinary tract cancer and non-speciﬁc inﬂammation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Liver iron quantification by 3.0 T MRI: calibration on a rabbit model]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.010</link>
<description><![CDATA[Objective:  To explore the feasibility of liver iron quantiﬁcation at 3.0 T MRI. Materials and Methods: Forty-two rabbits underwent iron dextran loading (15 mg/kg/week) from 1—15 weeks. 2 controls were studied as well. MRI signal intensity ratio (SIR) was measured using a gradient-echo sequence, and T2 (R2=1/T2) measured using an 8-echo spin-echo sequence at 3.0 T. Exvivo hepatic pathology was obtained for all rabbits. Postmortem assessments of liver iron concentration (LIC) were conducted in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. MRI measures were ﬁtted against LIC using linear regression for the ﬁrst 30 rabbits. The remaining 12 were used to test the accuracy of the derived model. Results: Hepatic pathology conﬁrmed that liver iron overload rose with administered amount over time. Experimental group’s liver T2 values, SIR, and LIC ranged from 0.3—1.5 ms, 10.2—48.3, 1.3—9.1 mg/g dry tissure, respectively. Median was 1.0 ms, 18.9, 4.6 mg/g dry tissure, respectively. LIC was linearly correlated to both R2 (r = 0.948, P=0.000) and SIR (r =－0.845, P=0.000). Through the linear regression procedure, a slope of 96.426, －5.924 and an intercept of ―0.920, 10.581  were found respectively for R2-LIC and SIR-LIC. In the 12 test rabbits, the predicted LICs using the equations agreed well with the results obtained using spectrophotometer. Conclusion: MRI quantification of liver iron overload is feasible at 3.0 T within a certain LIC limits.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[MR imaging of hepatic tumors: examination technique and diagnostic principle]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.011</link>
<description><![CDATA[There are some relatively unique signal intensity and enhanced feature on MR imaging of various histological types of hepatic tumors. This paper which summarized the key points of scanning parameters and compared the signal and enhanced feature of common tumors of liver, aimed to help clarify the analytical method and further improve the diagnostic ability of MR imaging on hepatic tumors.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[Syngo MR peripheral nerve imaging]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.012</link>
<description><![CDATA[Although MRI provides superb peripheral nerve imaging with excellent soft tissue resolution, it still faces challenges due to complexity of the anatomy and biological characteristics. Syngo MR provides several innovative techniques for peripheral nerve imaging, including SPACE-IR-blood suppression, MEDIC, VIBE, PSIF + WE (water-excitation)+ diffusion, etc.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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<title><![CDATA[The metastasis relapse monitors hepatocellular carcinoma: diffusion weighted MR imaging and molecular biology technology research progress]]></title>
<link>http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2012.06.013</link>
<description><![CDATA[Multi-treaments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) place greater demands on follow-up for tumor response. Functional MRI (fMRI) which mainly contains MRS, DWI, and PWI, is a non-invasive technique which can detect regional and global alterations in liver metabolic processes and celluar energy states as well as blood flow. Continued progress in this field of liver imaging may have profound implications for diagnosing and estimating therapeutic effect of HCC. The metastasis of HCC has long been recognized as a multi-stepprocess that involves multiple factors. Insteadof diagnostic models based on single-moleculedetection, the combination of multiple molecules will be the trend for early tumor diagnosis or prediction of tumor metastasis and recurrence. Many differentially expressed metastasis-associatedgenes and proteins have been reported in HCC. The purpose of this review is to expond the principles of tin vivo hepatic f MRI, to examine its present place in the diagnostic assessment of tumor biological characteristics, to appraise the respone of the tumor to treament and to evalute the prospects for f MRI in application of prognostic tests of HCC. This article Involved in the transfer of liver cancer recurrence of novel molecular markers had peripheral blood.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed,20 Jun 2012 00:00:00  GMT</pubDate>
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