http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/contents_list.asp?issue=202306 zh-cn An RSS feed for Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.001 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.002 ObjectiveTo explore the structural connectivity changes through the corpus callosum in the interhemispheric homologous brain regions of Alzheimer^,s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the relation with clinical cognitive function and activities of daily living. Materials and MethodsMR diffusion tensor imaging data of 23 AD patients (AD group), 47 MCI patients (MCI group) and 37 healthy controls (HC group) were collected. Using the high-resolution transcallosal tract template, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of 32 transcallosal tracts connecting the interhemispheric homologous brain areas (including prefrontal lobe, sensory motor area, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe) among the three groups were calculated and compared. In the AD and MCI groups, water diffusion index values (FA and MD) of transcallosal tracts to the different homologous brain regions were further correlated with the basic scale of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA_B) and the scale of Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL). ResultsCompared with HC, the mean MD values of all transcallosal nerve fiber bundles in the AD group had significantly increased (P＜0.05, FDR correction), and most transcallosal nerve fiber tracts of AD group (excluding the tracts to the orbital frontal, inferior frontal orbital, and ventral premotor areas) had significantly lower FA values (P＜0.05, FDR correction); The mean FA values and MD values of all transcallosal nerve fiber tracts to the interhemispheric homologous brain areas in the MCI group were not significantly different from the HC group. The mean FA values and MD values of some transcallosal tracts (excluding the tracts to the prefrontal and sensorimotor areas) in the AD group were significant different from the MCI group (P＜0.05, FDR correction). The mean FA values and MD values of all transcallosal nerve fiber bundles were not significantly correlated with the MoCA_B scores, but the mean FA values and MD values of multiple fiber bundles (including tracts to the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, sensorimotor area, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe) were significantly correlated with the ADL scores (P＜0.05, FDR correction). ConclusionsThis study suggests that AD had more severe and extensive damage in the interhemispheric structural connectivity than MCI, and in AD, the degeneration of interhemispheric structural connectivity in the callosal fibers is more associated with a decline in activities of daily living. The severity of the transcallosal nerve fiber bundles damage may be used as an important reference index to assess the ability of live activities in AD. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.003 ObjectiveTo construct brain network based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and establish multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to effectively distinguish the cognitive level of healthy elderly people. Materials and MethodsUsing a publicly available dataset of 55 healthy elderly individuals with excellent cognitive abilities (cognitive excellent group) and 43 individuals with poor cognitive abilities (cognitive poor group), based on the resting-state fMRI data of all participants, an MVPA method was established to distinguish the cognitive level of healthy elderly people. Among them, Gaussian Copula mutual information (GCMI) was used for brain network construction and feature selection, and support vector machine (SVM) was used to complete classification. Then the existing MVPA method was used to distinguish the cognitive level of healthy elderly people as a comparison. Finally, the differences of consistency functional connection between the groups were analyzed through independent-samples t-test. ResultsThe MVPA method established in this article effectively distinguishes the cognitive level of healthy elderly people, with a classification accuracy of 77.22%, the sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 81.82%, 72.09% and 0.77 respectively. In addition, the consistency functional connection strength of the cognitive poor group was significantly reduced compared to the cognitive excellent group, and the differences between groups were generally statistically significant (P＜0.05). ConclusionsUsing GCMI, which is sensitive to nonlinear, to construct brain networks and filter features, combined with SVM can effectively distinguish cognitive level of healthy elderly people. Through the analysis of consistency functional connection, we found that the weakening of its strength may lead to the reduction of cognitive level. The consistency functional connection differences with statistically significant has important value in assisting clinical diagnosis. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.004 ObjectiveTo understand the trends and hotspots in the field of neuroimaging on epilepsy by bibliometric analysis. Materials and MethodsWeb of Science (WOS) Core Databases were used to search the literatures in neuroimaging of epilepsy between 1900 and 2021. The top 50 articles with highest yearly citation counts were regarded as most highly cited articles. Collaboration analyses in keywords were carried out in neuroimaging on epilepsy between 2012 to 2021. ResultsThe number of yearly citations of the 50 most cited articles in the field of neuroimaging on epilepsy ranged from 47.33 to 11.67. These top cited articles were published between 1900 and 2021. The most productive year was 2010 (8 articles). The top journals was Brain. The top cited articles were from ten countries. The top country was America. For different study purpose, these studies were divided into three aspects: mechanism studies, prognosis studies and diagnosis studies. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was the most common type. Most studies use single modality. Case control study design was easily found. The hot topics in neuroimaging of epilepsy was the application of MRI in TLE and childhood epilepsy. ConclusionsStudy using MRI with multi-modality involving mechanism, diagnosis and prognosis of TLE and childhood epilepsy may be the future research hotspot in the field of neuroimaging on epilepsy. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.005 ObjectiveTo explore the value of MRI in the efficacy evaluation of heavy-ion radiotherapy (HIT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of 25 cases of HCC examed by MRI, compare the axial area, volume and maximum diameter, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1WI signal enhancement rate ratio (SER) of the HCC before treatment with the data which after 3-6 months treatment. To evaluate the correlation between the imaging changes and the alpha-fetal protein (AFP) changes. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare changes in AFP, morphological parameters (maximum length, area and volume) and MRI parameters (ADC and SER); Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the SER of arterial phase (A phase), hepatic portal venous phase (H phase) and venous phase (V phase) and tumor morphology, ADC and tumor marker AFP. ResultsThe results showed that after HIT, HCC morphology, AFP decreased, and ADC value was significantly increased (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that SER of A phase was slightly positively correlated with tumor morphology, and the correlation coefficient with the maximum length and volume of tumor was r=0.29 and r=0.27 (P＜0.05), respectively, SER of H phase was also slightly positively correlated with tumor morphology, and the correlation coefficients with area and volume were r=0.28 and r=0.31, respectively (P＜0.05), ADC value was negatively correlated with AFP value of tumor marker, and the correlation coefficient was r=-0.40 (P＜0.05). The correlation between AFP and tumor size and SER showed that AFP was positively correlated with tumor diameter and volume, r=0.69 and 0.64, respectively (P＜0.05). At the same time, AFP was positively correlated with the enhancement rate of A phase, r=0.59 (P＜0.05), but not with the enhancement rate of H phase and phase V (P＞0.05). ConclusionsHCC changes significantly before and after HIT, and has a good correlation with AFP, with the decrease of AFP, HCC tumor size and SER are decreased which compared with before treatment, while the ADC value is higher than before treatment. MRI can evaluate the efficacy of HIT in HCC effectively. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.006 ObjectiveTo investigate whether the spontaneous regional neural activity abnormalities in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) are associated with specific frequency bands using a multifrequency bands regional homogeneity (ReHo) method and to explore whether the alteration of ReHo values is associated with clinical measures. Materials and MethodsThirty-two PDM patients and thirty-six healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The ReHo analyses in conventional frequency band (0.010-0.080 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) band and slow-5 (0.010-0.027 Hz) band were conducted. Two-sample t test was used to compare the ReHo values between the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the ReHo values of PDM patients and clinical measures. ResultsCompared with HC (FEW corrected, voxel P＜0.001, cluster P＜0.05, two tailed), PDM patients showed increased ReHo values in the right parahippocampus gyrus, temporal pole superior temporal gyrus, basal nucleus and anterior cingutate, and decreased ReHo values in the left middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and insula both in conventional frequency band and slow-4 band, while PDM patients showed increased ReHo values in the right middle frontal gyrus and decreased ReHo values in the left cerebellum 8 region compared with HC in slow-5 band. Correlation analysis showed that COX1 was positively correlated with ReHo values in the left middle temporal gyrus in conventional frequency band in PDM patients. ConclusionsThe present study revealed frequency-specific ReHo alterations in PDM, among which, the changes in activity in brain regions associated with pain afference, emotion and memory found in the conventional band were roughly consistent with slow-4 band, while slow-5 band may provide additional findings, providing new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of PDM. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.007 ObjectiveTo explore the value of the radiomics ensemble stacking model based on the combined sequences of T2WI and contrast enhancement T1WI (CE-T1WI) in predicting the efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of uterine fibroids before surgery. Materials and MethodsA total of 300 patients with uterine fibroids diagnosed clinically and treated with HIFU were retrospectively analyzed. Two physicians grouped patients into a full ablation group (nonperfusion volume ratio≥80%) and an incomplete ablation group (nonperfusion volume ratio＜80%), and used Kappa test to analyze the consistency of their grouping results. Then, all patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=240) and a test set (n=60) in the ratio of 8:2. ITK-SNAP software was used to delineate the region of interest of uterine fibroids on T2WI and CE-T1WI and extract the radiomics features. Two-sample t test and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used for feature screening, and the retained features of the two sequences were used for subsequent model construction. The support vector machine, random forest, extreme gradient boosting and light gradient boosting machine were used as the basic learner to constructed base models (A, B, C, D) respectively, and the ensemble stacking model was constructed by Logistic regression as the meta-learner, and five-fold cross validation was conducted. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of each model. maging data of the patients were analyzed by independent sample t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test (including myoma volume, myoma type, T2WI signal strength, T2WI signal uniformity, CE-T1WI signal strength, CE-T1WI signal uniformity). ResultsThere were 172 patients in the full ablation group and 128 patients in the incomplete ablation group, and the Kappa value was 0.939 (P＜0.001) after performing the Kappa test on the results of the patient grouping of the two physicians. After feature screening, 14 and 5 features were retained on T2WI and CE-T1WI, respectively. The average AUC of five-fold cross-validation of the four base models A, B, C and D on the test set were 0.832, 0.863, 0.861 and 0.880, respectively. The average AUC value of the ensemble stacking model constructed using 5 algorithms has been increased to 0.924. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences in fibroid volume, fibroid type, T2WI signal homogeneity and CE-T1WI signal intensity in the training set (P＜0.05), and statistically significant differences in fibroid type in the test set (P＜0.05). ConclusionsThe radiomics ensemble stacking model based on the combined sequences of T2WI and CE-T1WI can effectively predict the efficacy of HIFU ablation of uterine fibroids before surgery. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.008 ObjectiveTo explore the features and rules of sacroiliac joint bone marrow fat-saturated T2WI (T2WI-FS) high signal in osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) and axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA). Materials and MethodsTwenty-three female patients diagnosed with OCI and thirty-four female patients diagnosed with ax-SpA between January 2017 and December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The incidence and imaging features of sacroiliac joint bone marrow T2WI-FS high signal were assessed, with a particular focus on the characteristics such as location, range, shape, and signal intensity. ResultsCompared with the ax-SpA group, the overall incidence of high T2WI-FS signal in the sacroiliac joint was lower in the OCI group [56.5% (13/23) vs. 85.3% (29/34); χ²=5.857, P=0.016]. The incidence of high T2WI-FS signal in the bilateral sacroiliac joint was also lower [26.1% (6/23) vs. 55.9% (19/34); χ²=4.946, P=0.026]. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of high T2WI-FS signal in unilateral sacroiliac joint [30.4% (7/23) vs. 29.4% (10/34); χ²=0.007, P=0.934]. There were no significant differences between the OCI group and the ax-SpA group in terms of the side, upper/lower part, quadrant and medial margin of high signal distribution in the sacroiliac joint (P＞0.05). In terms of morphology, the OCI group mainly exhibited a ribbon-like shape, while the ax-SpA group mainly showed a flaky morphology, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001). The high signal range and signal intensity of sacroiliac joint T2WI-FS were also statistically significant between the OCI group and the ax-SpA group (P＜0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the high signal range and intensity of T2WI-FS between the sacral and iliac sides, superior and inferior parts, and among quadrants in the OCI group (P＞0.05). ConclusionsSacroiliac joint bone marrow T2WI-FS high signal can be seen in OCI, which is usually presented as a small ribbon adjacent to the sclerotic margin with slightly high signal, and contributes to the differential diagnosis of bone marrow edema associated with ax-SpA. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.009 ObjectiveMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and subtraction techniques were introduced in the conventional imaging omics analysis to identify high-grade glioma grade. Materials and MethodsThe imaging data of 60 patients with pathologically confirmed high-grade glioma (25 patients with grade Ⅲ and 35 patients with grade Ⅳ) were retrospectively collected, and radiomic features such as shape and texture features were extracted based on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) images and subtracted images, and feature screening was performed using t-test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator cross-validation, combined with the peak ratios of three metabolites of MRS, and a random forest algorithm was used to construct a high-grade glioma grading discrimination model and evaluate the model performance. ResultsThe area under the curve (AUC) of the model constructed based on CE-T1WI images was 0.78 in the test set; the AUC of the model constructed based on subtracted images was 0.81 in the test set; the AUC of the model constructed based on metabolite peak ratios from MRS was 0.80 in the test set; and the AUC of the model constructed based on CE-T1WI images and three metabolite peak ratios from MRS was 0.95 in the test set. ConclusionsRadiomics based on CE-T1WI images, subtraction images and MRS have good performance in identifying both grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ gliomas, with the subtraction model performing best in the single sequence model and the CE-T1WI combined with MRS model performing best in the combined sequence model. Multimodal radiomic analysis can provide a useful clinical aid for identifying grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ gliomas. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.010 ObjectiveTo explore the visualization of trigeminal nerve and its adjacent vessels using 7 T MRI three dimensional sequences. Materials and MethodsProspective collection of 24 patients (48 trigeminal nerves in all) from May 2022 to January 2023, who underwent 7 T ultra-high-field cranial MRI. All patients were scanned with three dimensional time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D TOF MRA) sequence , three dimensional T1-weighted magnetization prepared 2 rapid gradient echo (3D T1-MP2RAGE) sequence and three dimensional T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (3D T1-MPRAGE) sequence. The original image data was assigned a score independently by two radiologists. The relationship of trigeminal nerve and its adjacent vessels with 3D T1-MPRAGE images and images acquired at the second inversion time of 3D T1-MP2RAGE (3D T1-MP2RAGE GRE_TI2) were analyzed. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 3D T1-MPRAGE images and 3D T1-MP2RAGE GRE_TI2 images were compared. Kappa-test was used to compare the consistency of the scores. χ² test was used to compare the relationship results of trigeminal nerve and its adjacent vessels between 3D T1-MPRAGE images and 3D T1-MP2RAGE GRE_TI2 images. A Paired t-test was used to compare SNR between 3D T1-MPRAGE images and 3D T1-MP2RAGE GRE_TI2 images. ResultsThe Kappa values of the three groups of images were 0.846, 1.000 and 0.846, with good consistency. There was no difference between the two groups of sequences in displaying the relationship of trigeminal nerve and its adjacent vessels (χ²=0.174, P＞0.05). SNR of 3D T1-MP2RAGE GRE_TI2 sequence was higher than that of 3D T1-MPRAGE, (62.12±33.94) and (35.52±15.32) respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001). ConclusionsIn 7 T ultra-high-field magnetic resonance brain imaging, 3D T1-MP2RAGE GRE_TI2 images are better than 3D T1-MPRAGE images in displaying trigeminal nerve and its adjacent vessels, which have better SNR, and the adjacent vessels are easy to be observed for their bright signals. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.011 ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of using compressed sensing (CS) technology for three-dimensional MRI T2 weighted imaging-spectral attenuated in-version recovery (T2WI-SPAIR) sequence to visualize the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and compare the effects of different acceleration factors on imaging. Materials and MethodsForty volunteers underwent ankle scans on 3.0 T MR, including transverse, coronal and sagittal fat saturation proton density-weighted imaging (fsPDWI) sequences scan of conventional ankle and sagittal T2WI-SPAIR sequence scan of the CS-3D ankle joint, CS-4, CS-6 and CS-8 were set according to different acceleration factors (the compression times were 4 times, 6 times and 8 times respectively) of CS technique. Four sets of conventional, CS-4, CS-6, and CS-8 images were obtained for each volunteer. The image quality was assessed via the subjective and objective analysis to evaluate the display effect of the ATFL. ResultsThe subjective evaluation of image quality by two senior diagnostic radiologist showed a high consistency (k=0.913, P＜0.001). Wilcoxon-signed rank sum test was performed by two diagnosticians on subjective scores of images in the CS group and the conventional group, and the results showed: there was no significant difference in image quality scores between groups CS-4 and CS-6 and the conventional group (Z=1.417, 1.414, P=0.155, 0.157), while there was significant difference between group CS-8 and the conventional group (Z=3.771, P＜0.001). In the objective evaluation, CS-4 group had the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the four groups (P＜0.05), while CS-8 group had the lowest SNR in the four groups (P＜0.05), there was no significant difference in the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between CS-6 group and conventional group (P=0.950). The scanning time of CS-4 group, CS-6 group and CS-8 group was about 16%, 43% and 58% shorter than that of conventional group, respectively. ConclusionsCS technology combined with 3D MRI can be used for ankle joint examination with 3.0 T MRI, which can not only guarantee the image quality, but also effectively reduce the scanning time, display the anatomical structure in multiple aspects, improve the examination experience of patients, and further optimize the MRI scanning scheme of ankle joint. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.012 ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic value of galactography (GL) and MRI in patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND) and differential for benign and malignant lesions. Materials and MethodsForty-eight breasts with nipple discharge in 45 cases were analyzed retrospectively. The discharge was bloody in 25 cases, yellow or yellowish in 10 cases, serous in 7 cases, watery in 4 cases, brown in 2 cases. GL and MRI were performed in all cases, and pathological findings were used as the gold standard. When breast cancer, ductal papilloma and atypical hyperplasia, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4-5, BI-RADS 5 were selected as positive findings, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of the two diagnostic techniques for PND were compared. ResultsThere were 48 breast lesions in 45 cases. The pathological results showed that there were 7 cases of malignant lesions, all of which were unilateral, including 2 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, 5 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion and 41 cases of benign lesions. GL for the accury diagnosis of PND (breast cancer, ductal papilloma, dysplasia), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value was 97.05%, 28.57%, 76.74%, 80.00% and 77.08%; MRI were 91.17%, 50.00%, 81.57%, 70.00% and 79.16%. When BI-RADS category 4-5 was designated as a positive finding, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of GL diagnosis were 100.00%, 12.19%, 16.27%, 100.00%, 25.00%; MRI was 100.00%, 24.39%, 18.42%, 100.00%, 35.41%. When BI-RADS category 5 was designated as a positive finding, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of GL diagnosis were 42.85%, 97.56%, 75.00%, 90.90%, 89.58%; MRI was 85.71%, 95.12%, 75.00%, 97.50%, 93.75%. The χ² test was used for the comparison of rates between populations, and the difference between the two was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). However, the sensitivity of MRI for breast cancer (85.71%) was significantly higher than that of GL (42.85%), and its accuracy was 93.75% and 89.58%. ConclusionsGL and MRI have high accuracy in the diagnosis of PND, and MRI is better than GL in the evaluation of breast cancer. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.014 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.015 ^,s disease, Parkinson^,s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and migraine. Numerous studies have demonstrated the occurrence of neurological diseases is closely related to the disruption of the gamma-aminobutynic acid (GABA) system. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is an imaging technique for the non-invasive detection of metabolites in vivo, the emerging Meshcher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence achieves quantification of GABA levels in the brain using J-difference spectrum editing technology, providing clinicians with enriched imaging data for the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic management of diseases. This paper reviewed the principle of the MEGA-PRESS sequence and its research on GABA quantification in neurological diseases, in order to evaluate the clinical significance of GABA quantification in early detection and diagnosis of neurological diseases with this technique. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.016 ^,s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which has not been eradicated yet, patients take drugs to control symptoms and maintain daily life. Early detection and diagnosis of PD is the key to treatment, and patients benefit greatly. APT imaging technology can evaluate the protein metabolism status of various brain regions in patients with PD and help to realize the early diagnosis of PD. This article reviews the basic principles of APT MRI technology, research progress in PD, and challenges faced in its application, aiming to better understand the APT imaging technology and provide reference for future research. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.017 ^,s difficult to diagnose the early atypical patients. Previous studies show that abnormalities in the brain structural network may be one of the pathogenesis of ASD, which can be quantitatively evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technology and graph theory analysis. In this paper, we mainly summarize the latest research progress on the brain structural network in ASD based on DTI and graph theory analysis. Studies have found abnormal changes of brain structure network in ASD, which includes global properties, nodal properties, rich-club organization, and lateralization, and these changes are closely related to growth and development and clinical symptoms. These findings provide a reference for further understanding the neuropathological mechanism of ASD and searching for the neuroimaging markers for early diagnosis. ]]> Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.018 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.019 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.020 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.021 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.022 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.023 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.024 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.025 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.026 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.027 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.028 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.029 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.030 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.031 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.032 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.033 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.034 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.035 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://med-sci.cn/cgzcx/en/en_articlexml.asp?doi=10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.06.036 Tue,20 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT