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The study of structural magnetic resonance imaging on gray matter volumes of olfactory brain regions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
YANG Simin  LI Ludi  CAO Yue  SUN Yuejiao  YANG Yu  GUO Chunjie 

Cite this article as: YANG S M, LI L D, CAO Y, et al. The study of structural magnetic resonance imaging on gray matter volumes of olfactory brain regions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2023, 14(1): 20-24, 31. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.01.004.


[Abstract] Objective To analyze the differences in gray matter volumes (GMV) of the structures related to the sense of smell among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and normal elderly subjects by using structural MRI (sMRI), and to explore the correlations between the GMV, smell identification and cognitive behavioral tests, reveal the roles of olfactory brain regions in the trajectory of AD.Materials and Methods sMRI was performed on 25 AD, 22 MCI, and 22 normal control (NC) subjects, along with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Memory and Executive Screening (MES), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scales. The differences and correlations of the GMV of the whole brain and olfactory cortex subregions, including primary olfactory cortex (POC), hippocampus, amygdala, insula and orbitofrontal cortex, UPSIT score, and cognitive behavioral tests score, were analyzed among the three groups.Results The UPSIT, MMSE, MoCA, CDR score, and the GMV of the whole brain, bilateral POC, and left hippocampus showed significant differences between the three groups (P＜0.05). For MES, ADL, the GMV of the right hippocampus, bilateral amygdala and insula, and right orbitofrontal cortex, there were significant differences between the AD and other groups (P＜0.05), but not between the MCI and controls (P＞0.05). Compared to the NC, the AD patients showed significant GMV reduction in the left orbitofrontal cortex (P＜0.05), but it was not found between the MCI and other groups (P＞0.05). The cognitive tests were significantly correlated with UPSIT score across all subjects (MMSE: r=0.55, P＜0.01; MoCA: r=0.43, P＜0.01; MES: r=0.48, P＜0.01; ADL: r=-0.33, P＜0.01; CDR: r=-0.49, P＜0.01). Significant correlations were observed between the GMV of the whole brain, bilateral POC, hippocampus, and amygdala, and cognitive and olfactory assessments (P＜0.05). The GMV of the bilateral insula and orbitofrontal cortex were significantly correlated with cognitive tests (P＜0.05), while significant correlations were not observed between the volumes and UPSIT score (P＞0.05).Conclusions (1) The AD and MCI patients had heterogeneously distributed patterns of decreased GMV in olfactory cortex, and the AD patients showed more decrease than the MCI patients. And significant correlations were observed between UPSIT score, cognitive tests, and the GMV. (2) Bilateral POC and the left hippocampus may represent the key role of olfactory subregions in olfactory dysfunction in cognitive impairment due to AD, and are promising to predict MCI in the early stage.
[Keywords] Alzheimer's disease；mild cognitive impairment；olfactory；primary olfactory cortex；gray matter；magnetic resonance imaging；structural magnetic resonance imaging

YANG Simin1   LI Ludi2   CAO Yue1   SUN Yuejiao1   YANG Yu2   GUO Chunjie1*  

1 Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China

2 Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China

Corresponding author: Guo CJ, E-mail: guocj@jlu.edu.cn

Conflicts of interest   None.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81600923).
Received  2022-09-26
Accepted  2022-12-30
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.01.004
Cite this article as: YANG S M, LI L D, CAO Y, et al. The study of structural magnetic resonance imaging on gray matter volumes of olfactory brain regions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2023, 14(1): 20-24, 31. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2023.01.004.

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