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• Technical Article •
Effects of different flip angles and delay times on image quality of liver and biliary system in hepatobiliary phase images of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced magnetic resonance images
REN Xue  ZHAO Ying  ZHOU Liping  ZUO Can  WANG Nan  SONG Qingwei  LIN Liangjie  WANG Jiazheng  LIU Ailian  LIU Yuhui 

Cite this article as: REN X, ZHAO Y, ZHOU L P, et al. Effects of different flip angles and delay times on image quality of liver and biliary system in hepatobiliary phase images of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced magnetic resonance images[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2024, 15(2): 147-154. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2024.02.022.


[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of different flip angles (FA) and delay times on the image quality of liver and biliary system in hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced magnetic resonance images (MRI).Materials and Methods Fifty-seven patients with abdominal discomfort, who had undergone a 3.0 T upper abdominal Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan at our hospital, were retrospectively included. HBP imaging was conducted with FA of 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°, at delays of 60 minutes and 120 minutes post-contrast agent injection. These combinations of FA and delay time were categorized into 10 groups. Signal intensity (SI) of the liver and common bile duct, SI and standard deviation (SD) of the erector spinae were measured. Additionally, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and bile to paravertebral muscle ratio (BMR) were calculated. The visibility of the biliary tract in the images was evaluated using the 5-point method. Intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) and the weighted Kappa test were employed to assess the consistency of the measured data and subjective scores between the two observers. The nonparametric Friedman test was utilized to compare the SNR, CNR, BMR, and subjective scores among images with different combinations of delay time and FA. LSD-t test was used to compare SNR, CNR, BMR and subjective score in each group, and Bonferroni correction was carried out on the results. The optimal combination of FA and delay time was determined based on the statistical results.Results The data and subjective from both observers exhibit strong agreement (ICC values are all>0.75, Kappa values are all>0.75) except the SNRliver for the 120min/FA15°group (ICC=0.75). Across all parameters values at the group of 120-minute delay time are consistently higher than the group of 60-minute delay time. The SNR of the liver in the 120min/FA30° group ecorded the highest value [63.91 (49.44, 77.15)], which was significantly better than 60min/FA10°and 120min/FA10°groups (P<0.05). The CNRliver in the 120min/FA30° group ecorded the highest value [44.21 (31.58, 53.64)], demonstrating a significant difference compared to the 60min/FA10°, 60min/FA15°, 60min/FA30° and 120min/FA10° groups (P<0.05). The SNR of the bile duct in the 120min/FA30° group ecorded the highest value [305.27 (193.97, 377.53)], which was significantly better than 60min/FA10°, 60min/FA15°, 60min/FA20°, 60min/FA25°, 120min/FA10°, and 120min/FA15°groups (P<0.05). The CNRcommon bile duct in the 120min/FA30° group ecorded the highest value [278.66 (180.80, 357.20)] , which was significantly different from the 60min/FA10°, 60min/FA15°, 60min/FA20°, 60min/FA25°, 60min/FA30°, 120min/FA10°, and 120min/FA15°groups (P<0.05). The BMR in the 120min/FA30° group ecorded the highest value[14.75 (11.55, 17.87)], which was significantly different from the 60min/FA10°, 60min/FA15°, 60min/FA20°, 60min/FA25°, 120min/FA10°, and 120min/FA15°groups (P<0.05). According to the subjective scoring results, the visibility of biliary tract at 60min/FA10° was the worst, which was obviously lower than 60min/FA20°, 60min/FA25°, 60min/FA30°, 120min/FA15°, 120min/FA20°, 120min/FA25°, and 120min/FA30°groups (P<0.05).Conclusions By evaluating various combinations of different FA and delay times, it is evident that the 120min/FA30° group exhibits the highest image quality for enhanced liver and biliary tract in HBP of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI. Increasing the FA and extending the delay time notably enhance image quality.
[Keywords] flip angle；delay time；gadobenate dimeglumine；magnetic resonance imaging；hepatobiliary phase；bile

REN Xue1   ZHAO Ying1   ZHOU Liping2   ZUO Can2   WANG Nan1   SONG Qingwei1   LIN Liangjie3   WANG Jiazheng3   LIU Ailian1*   LIU Yuhui2  

1 Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China

2 College of Medical Imaging, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China

3 Philips (China) Investment Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200072, China

Corresponding author: LIU A L, E-mail: cjr.liuailian@vip.163.com

Conflicts of interest   None.

Received  2023-09-13
Accepted  2024-01-08
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2024.02.022
Cite this article as: REN X, ZHAO Y, ZHOU L P, et al. Effects of different flip angles and delay times on image quality of liver and biliary system in hepatobiliary phase images of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced magnetic resonance images[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2024, 15(2): 147-154. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2024.02.022.

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