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Advances in 4D Flow CMR quantitative analysis of intracardiac hemodynamics
ZHANG Mengyuan  LIU Fenghai  LI Guoce  WANG Xiaoyu 

Cite this article as: ZHANG M Y, LIU F H, LI G C, et al. Advances in 4D Flow CMR quantitative analysis of intracardiac hemodynamics[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2024, 15(10): 193-199, 210. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2024.10.033.


[Abstract] Currently, research on cardiac function evaluation mainly focuses on observing ventricular wall motion and deformation, as well as measuring the velocity of heart valves. Meanwhile, assessing the complex hemodynamics within the heart is an essential part of diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases. With the development of four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (4D Flow CMR), this technology can comprehensively and retrospectively evaluate cardiac anatomy and function, allowing measurements within the heart area and quantifying and visualizing changes in cardiac hemodynamics through parameters such as kinetic energy (KE), flow components, and vorticity. This review summarizes the principles of 4D Flow CMR technology, data acquisition and post-processing, its advantages and disadvantages, and discusses the analysis of cardiac hemodynamics using KE, flow components, and vorticity parameters. Finally, it compares existing techniques for analyzing intracardiac hemodynamics, summarizes the latest developments, and proposes prospects for the development of 4D Flow CMR technology and its clinical applications. This review can provide a new perspective for future exploration of cardiac diseases using 4D Flow CMR technology, aiming to offer physiological and pathological references for the progression and prognosis of diseases.
[Keywords] cardiac；magnetic resonance imaging；four-dimensional flow cardiac magnetic resonance；hemodynamics；quantitative analysis

ZHANG Mengyuan   LIU Fenghai*   LI Guoce   WANG Xiaoyu  

Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cangzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou 061000, China

Corresponding author: LIU F H, E-mail: 1874210040@qq.com

Conflicts of interest   None.

Received  2024-06-29
Accepted  2024-10-10
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2024.10.033
Cite this article as: ZHANG M Y, LIU F H, LI G C, et al. Advances in 4D Flow CMR quantitative analysis of intracardiac hemodynamics[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2024, 15(10): 193-199, 210. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2024.10.033.

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