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• Clinical Article •
Comparison of brain functional alterations in young adults with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus
GONG Liya  GAO Mingxuan  WEN Junyan  WU Ziqi  LUO Jingwen  JING Linlin  WEN Ge 

Cite this article as: GONG L Y, GAO M X, WEN J Y, et al. Comparison of brain functional alterations in young adults with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2025, 16(1): 74-80. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.01.012.


[Abstract] Objective To explore the abnormal spontaneous neural activity in young adults with pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its relationship with clinical indicators and cognitive function.Materials and Methods This study prospectively enrolled 34 patients with T2DM, 35 patients with PDM, and 34 normal controls (NC), all under the age of 40. All participants underwent comprehensive laboratory examinations and 3.0 T rs-fMRI scanning. Following image preprocessing, low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC) indices were computed. Two-sample t-tests were employed to compare differences between groups, with gender, age, and years of education controlled as covariates. Additionally, correlations between rs-fMRI indices, clinical indicators, and cognitive scores were evaluated.Results Compared to healthy controls, the PDM group showed increased spontaneous neural activity in several brain regions, such as the left inferior frontal gyrus (t = 4.710, GRF corrected, voxel-level P < 0.005, cluster-level P < 0.05), along with decreased activity in regions such as the right inferior parietal lobule (t = -4.097, GRF corrected, voxel-level P < 0.005, cluster-level P < 0.05). Similarly, the T2DM group exhibited enhanced spontaneous neural activity in multiple brain areas, including the left inferior frontal gyrus (t = 6.348, GRF corrected, voxel-level P < 0.005, cluster-level P < 0.05), as well as reduced activity in regions like the right inferior parietal lobule (t = -5.141, GRF corrected, voxel-level P < 0.005, cluster-level P < 0.05). Additionally, significant correlations were observed between certain resting-state fMRI metrics and clinical indicators or cognitive scores. For example, in the PDM group, the ALFF value of the right middle frontal gyrus showed a significant negative correlation with the MoCA score (r = -0.410, P = 0.014).Conclusions Our study demonstrates that brain functional indices in young individuals with PDM and T2DM are associated with clinical indicators and cognitive function. Our findings enhance the understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic brain injury and provide potential biological evidence for its early diagnosis.
[Keywords] pre-diabetes mellitus；type 2 diabetes mellitus；magnetic resonance imaging；amplitude of low frequency fluctuation；regional homogeneity；degree centrality

GONG Liya1   GAO Mingxuan1   WEN Junyan1   WU Ziqi1   LUO Jingwen1   JING Linlin2   WEN Ge1*  

1 Department of Medical Imaging, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China

2 Operating Room, Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China

Corresponding author: WEN G, E-mail: wenge@smu.edu.cn

Conflicts of interest   None.

Received  2024-09-25
Accepted  2025-01-10
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.01.012
Cite this article as: GONG L Y, GAO M X, WEN J Y, et al. Comparison of brain functional alterations in young adults with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2025, 16(1): 74-80. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.01.012.

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