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• Clinical Article •
Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling reveals cerebral perfusion abnormalities in children with global developmental delay
ZHOU Liang  ZHAO Xin  CHENG Meiying  WANG Changhao  LIU Shipeng  YANG Jinze  LI Sike  LU Yu  ZHANG Xiaoan 

Cite this article as: ZHOU L, ZHAO X, CHENG M Y, et al. Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling reveals cerebral perfusion abnormalities in children with global developmental delay[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2025, 16(5): 113-119. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.05.018.


[Abstract] Objective To explore the characteristics of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in children with global developmental delay (GDD) using three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) imaging technology and further investigate the correlation between the Gesell Developmental Scale and CBF. Additionally, the diagnostic efficacy of CBF values in identifying GDD was assessed.Materials and Methods A total of 45 children diagnosed with GDD and 42 healthy control (HC) children were included in this study. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, including 3D-pCASL scanning. Quantitative CBF pseudocolor maps were obtained through post-processing, and differences in CBF values between the two groups were analyzed. Perform correlation analysis between the CBF values with statistically significant intergroup differences and the Gesell Developmental Scale scores in children with GDD , and the diagnostic efficacy of CBF values in identifying GDD children was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results Compared with the control group, CBF values in the bilateral temporal lobe white matter, left temporal lobe gray matter, and bilateral frontal lobe white matter were reduced (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that CBF values in the right and left temporal lobe white matter were positively correlated with the language developmental quotient (r = 0.477, P = 0.001; r = 0.513, P < 0.001), CBF values in the right frontal lobe white matter were positively correlated with the personal-social developmental quotient (r = 0.347, P = 0.019), and CBF values in the left frontal lobe white matter were positively correlated with the fine motor developmental quotient (r = 0.577, P < 0.001). CBF values in multiple brain regions demonstrated good diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing GDD children (AUC > 0.7).Conclusions 3D-pCASL technology can non-invasively assess abnormalities in cerebral blood flow in children with GDD. The study found that reduced CBF values may be associated with impairments in multiple developmental abilities in children with GDD, and CBF values have good diagnostic value in identifying GDD.
[Keywords] global developmental delay；magnetic resonance imaging；three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling；cerebral blood flow；Gesell Developmental Scale

ZHOU Liang1, 2, 3   ZHAO Xin1, 2, 3   CHENG Meiying1, 2, 3   WANG Changhao1, 2, 3   LIU Shipeng1, 2, 3   YANG Jinze1, 2, 3   LI Sike1, 2, 3   LU Yu1, 2, 3   ZHANG Xiaoan1, 2, 3*  

1 Department of Medical Imaging, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China

2 Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuromedical Imaging, Zhengzhou 450052, China

3 Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neuroimaging Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China

Corresponding author: ZHANG X A, E-mail: zxa@zzu.edu.cn

Conflicts of interest   None.

Received  2025-03-04
Accepted  2025-04-10
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.05.018
Cite this article as: ZHOU L, ZHAO X, CHENG M Y, et al. Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling reveals cerebral perfusion abnormalities in children with global developmental delay[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2025, 16(5): 113-119. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.05.018.

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