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Research progress of indicators related to the tumor immune microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on radiomics
TIAN Jiaxuan  MA Jiamei  LI Xiaomeng  YIN Xiaoping 

Cite this article as: TIAN J X, MA J M, LI X M, et al. Research progress of indicators related to the tumor immune microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on radiomics[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2025, 16(7): 173-176, 201. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.07.028.


[Abstract] Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for 10% to 20% of primary liver cancers, with its incidence increasing annually. Dynamic changes in key immune indicators within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) significantly impact ICC prognosis. Due to the limitations and lag of existing detection methods, radiomics technology enables non-invasive prediction and timely monitoring of TIME immune indicators, enhancing precise ICC diagnosis and treatment by analyzing intratumoral and peritumoral information. Radiomics uses machine learning to high-throughput extract imaging features, integrating clinical, pathological, genetic, and immunological parameters to construct predictive models for immune indicators. These models support ICC risk stratification, prognosis assessment, and development of novel immunotherapies. Current limitations include single predictive indicators and suboptimal model generalization. Future directions involve deep integration with radiogenomics, spatial transcriptomics, and other omics, developing multimodal fusion models, and establishing multi-center standardized databases to advance clinical translation. This review summarizes the quantification of TIME-related immune indicators based on radiomics and explores the correlations between these indicators. Provide a new perspective for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ICC.
[Keywords] intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma；tumor immune microenvironment；magnetic resonance imaging；radiomics；lymphocyte

TIAN Jiaxuan1, 2   MA Jiamei1, 2   LI Xiaomeng1, 2   YIN Xiaoping1, 2*  

1 Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China

2 Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding 071000, China

Corresponding author: YIN X P, E-mail: yinxiaoping78@sina.com

Conflicts of interest   None.

Received  2025-03-11
Accepted  2025-07-07
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.07.028
Cite this article as: TIAN J X, MA J M, LI X M, et al. Research progress of indicators related to the tumor immune microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on radiomics[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2025, 16(7): 173-176, 201. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.07.028.

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