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Advances in quantitative MRI techniques for assessing lower extremity muscle in long-distance runners
QIAO Cui  HE Xue  REN Zhiling  GONG Fangdi  FU Zhenjiang  ZHOU Sheng 

Cite this article as: QIAO C, HE X, REN Z L, et al. Advances in quantitative MRI techniques for assessing lower extremity muscle in long-distance runners[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2026, 17(3): 228-234. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2026.03.033.


[Abstract] Long-distance running, while enhancing cardiopulmonary fitness and promoting psychological well-being, frequently induces microtrauma and adaptive remodeling in the lower extremity musculature. Conventional imaging modalities exhibit limited sensitivity in evaluating early-stage muscle injury and microstructural alterations. In contrast, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) techniques, such as T2-mapping, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging, fat quantification methods, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), enable non-invasive and objective assessment of muscle status by quantifying specific biophysical and biochemical parameters. These advanced MRI approaches sensitively detect exercise-induced microstructural perturbations, delineate their spatiotemporal dynamics, and provide critical insights for injury prevention, individualized rehabilitation strategies, and evaluation of training efficacy. However, current research on the application of qMRI in assessing lower limb muscles in long-distance runners still has limitations such as small sample sizes, lack of long-term follow-up, and predominantly cross-sectional designs, resulting in insufficient understanding of spatiotemporal dynamic changes. Therefore, a systematic review is necessary to integrate existing evidence and identify research gaps. This article systematically reviews the current applications and advances of qMRI in characterizing post-exercise changes in lower limb muscles of long-distance runners, with a focus on muscle edema, microstructural integrity, perfusion status, intramuscular fat infiltration, and metabolic alterations, and analyzes the limitations in current research, proposes future research directions, in order to provide references for injury prevention in long-distance running, optimization of rehabilitation strategies, and research in sports medicine.
[Keywords] quantitative magnetic resonance imaging；long-distance running；lower extremity muscle；muscle microtrauma；muscle metabolism；multimodal imaging；sports medicine

QIAO Cui1   HE Xue1   REN Zhiling1   GONG Fangdi1   FU Zhenjiang1   ZHOU Sheng1, 2*  

1 The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China

2 Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital/Gansu Provincial Talent and Intelligence Introduction Base for Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou 730000, China

Corresponding author: ZHOU S, E-mail: lzzs@sina.com

Conflicts of interest   None.

Received  2025-11-19
Accepted  2026-01-31
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2026.03.033
Cite this article as: QIAO C, HE X, REN Z L, et al. Advances in quantitative MRI techniques for assessing lower extremity muscle in long-distance runners[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2026, 17(3): 228-234. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2026.03.033.

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