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Research progress on spatial correlation between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and pathological features of the tumor microenvironment
YU Chang  CUI Yong 

Cite this article as: YU C, CUI Y. Research progress on spatial correlation between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and pathological features of the tumor microenvironment[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2026, 17(10): 225-234. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2026.10.028.


[Abstract] Tumor microenvironment (TME) spatial heterogeneity can greatly affect how a tumor invades, spreads, resists treatment, and influences patient outcomes. Traditional biopsies are invasive and sampling bias often happens; this makes it difficult to check the TME fully and dynamically in the clinic. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) brings together several sequences, such as diffusion, perfusion, oxygenation, elasticity, and metabolism; by doing so, it offers a non-invasive, quantitative, and overall look at TME spatial heterogeneity, so it becomes a key tool for studies that connect images with pathology in space. In this review, we cover recent progress on the links between mpMRI and core pathological features of the TME; these features include new blood vessel formation, low oxygen, stromal fibrosis, the immune microenvironment, cell growth, and tissue death. We explain the biological basis of mpMRI sequences and methods for matching images with tissue slices, summarize the number-based relationships between multi-parameter imaging measures and pathology indicators along with how they are used in patient care, and analyze main problems like not enough standardization, limited accuracy in matching, a lack of large-scale checking, and troubles in moving findings to real clinical practice; we also discuss forward-looking directions such as combining multiple data types, registration driven by AI, and integrated spatial omics, so as to offer a reference for making cancer diagnosis and treatment more precise with mpMRI.
[Keywords] multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging；tumor microenvironment；spatial heterogeneity；imaging-pathology spatial correlation；precision medicine

YU Chang1   CUI Yong1, 2*  

1 Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University/Peking University Cancer Hospital (Inner Mongolia Campus), Inner Mongolia Cancer Center, Hohhot 010020, China

2 Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing 100142, China

Corresponding author: CUI Y, E-mail: yong.cui@outlook.com

Conflicts of interest   None.

Received  2026-06-10
Accepted  2026-08-20
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2026.10.028
Cite this article as: YU C, CUI Y. Research progress on spatial correlation between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and pathological features of the tumor microenvironment[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2026, 17(10): 225-234. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2026.10.028.

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