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子宫疾病MRI专题
磁敏感序列多定量参数预测子宫内膜癌微卫星不稳定状态
田士峰 刘爱连 陈丽华 刘静红 黄侃

Cite this article as: Tian SF, Liu AL, Chen LH, et al. Prediction of microsatellite instability in endometrial carcinoma by multiple quantitative parameters of magnetic sensitive sequence. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2020, 11(7): 493-496.本文引用格式:田士峰,刘爱连,陈丽华,等.磁敏感序列多定量参数预测子宫内膜癌微卫星不稳定状态.磁共振成像, 2020, 11(7): 493-496. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2020.07.003.


[摘要] 目的 探讨磁敏感序列—增强T2*加权血管成像(enhanced T2 star weighted angiography,ESWAN)序列多定量参数预测子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)微卫星不稳定(microsatellite instability,MSI)状态的价值。材料与方法 回顾性分析35例EC的患者资料,其中MSI 13例,微卫星稳定(micro satellite stability,MSS)22例,所有患者术前均行1.5 T MRI检查,扫描序列包含ESWAN,经后处理生成幅度图、相位图、R2*图和T2*图。由两名观察者分别测量两组病例肿瘤实质区的幅度值、相位值、R2*值和T2*值,采用组内相关系数检验两名观察者对各参数值测量结果的一致性,采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较两组病例各参数值的差异,采用受试者工作特征曲线评估有差异的参数预测EC MSI的效能。结果 两名观察者测量各组数据的一致性较好(ICC> 0.75)。MSI组的R2*值[(15.303±2.274) Hz]大于MSS组[(13.051±1.595) Hz],MSI组的T2*值[(71.883±8.323) ms]小于MSS组[(84.246±12.553) ms],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间的幅度值、相位值无统计学差异(P>0.05)。R2*值和T2*值预测EC MSI的AUC、敏感度、特异度分别0.797、84.6%、63.6%和0.787、84.6%、68.2%。结论 ESWAN序列的R2*值、T2*值能够预测EC MSI,具有一定临床应用价值。
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the value of the quantitative parameters of enhanced T2 star weighted angiography (ESWAN) sequence in predicting microsatellite instability (MSI) of endometrial carcinoma (EC).Materials and Methods: The data of 35 patients with EC were analyzed retrospectively, included 13 cases of MSI and 22 cases of microsatellite stability (MSS). All patients were examined with 1.5 T MR before operation, the scanning sequence included ESWAN. The amplitude, phase, R2* and T2* images were created by post processing. The amplitude value, phase value, R2* value and T2* value were measured by two observers. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) was used to test the consistency of the measurement results of the two observers, the independent sample t test or Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups of cases, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the effectiveness of each parameter in predicting MSI.Results: The data measured by the two observers had good consistency (ICC value> 0.75). The R2* value of MSI group (15.303±2.274) Hz was significantly higher than that of MSS group (13.051±1.595) Hz, while the T2* value of MSI group (71.883±8.323) ms was significantly lower than that of MSS group (84.246±12.553) ms (P< 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the amplitude and phase values between two groups (P>0.05). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity of EC MSI predicted by R2* value and T2* value were 0.797, 84.6%, 63.6% and 0.787, 84.6%, 68.2%, respectively.Conclusions: The R2* value and T2* value of ESWAN can forecast the MSI state of EC, which has certain clinical application value.
[关键词] 子宫内膜肿瘤;磁共振成像;微卫星不稳定;预测
[Keywords] endometrial neoplasms;magnetic resonance imaging;microsatellite instability;prediction

田士峰 大连医科大学附属第一医院放射科,大连 116011

刘爱连* 大连医科大学附属第一医院放射科,大连 116011

陈丽华 大连医科大学附属第一医院放射科,大连 116011

刘静红 大连医科大学附属第一医院放射科,大连 116011

黄侃 大连医科大学附属第一医院放射科,大连 116011

通信作者:刘爱连,E-mail: liuailian@dmu.edu.cn

利益冲突:无。


基金项目: 首都科技领军人才培养工程 编号:Z181100006318003
收稿日期:2020-01-30
接受日期:2020-05-21
中图分类号:R445.2; R737.33 
文献标识码:A
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2020.07.003
本文引用格式:田士峰,刘爱连,陈丽华,等.磁敏感序列多定量参数预测子宫内膜癌微卫星不稳定状态.磁共振成像, 2020, 11(7): 493-496. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2020.07.003.

       微卫星不稳定(microsatellite instability ,MSI)在子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma ,EC)患者中有约20%~30%的发生率,被认为是EC的发病机制之一[1]。确定EC MSI状态具有重要临床意义,包括预后评估、应用免疫抑制剂疗法效果评判、林奇综合征疾病筛查等[2,3]。增强T2*加权血管成像(enhanced T2 star weighted angiography,ESWAN)序列是一种磁敏感序列,反映不同组织之间因血液中铁元素存在方式不同而产生的磁敏感差异[4],可提供多个量化参数,已逐步应用于子宫疾病。本研究拟探讨ESWAN序列多定量参数预测EC MSI状态的价值,以期为术前无创预测MSI提供新思路,并拓展ESWAN序列在子宫疾病的应用范畴。

1 材料与方法

1.1 研究对象

       回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月符合以下标准的患者资料。纳入标准如下:(1)经手术病理证实为EC,临床、病理相关资料完整;(2)无MRI检查禁忌证,扫描序列含ESWAN序列,检查后两周内完成手术;(3)检查前未接受放化疗及其他处置;(4)图像质量良好,不存在影响病变观察及数据测量的伪影区;(5)病灶显示清晰,最大径>1.5 cm。MSI定义如下:免疫组化指标MLH-1、MSH-2、MSH-6以及PMS-2中,有一种或多种表达缺失为MSI,均表达为微卫星稳定(micro satellite stability ,MSS)。最终35例患者纳入研究,其中MSI组13例,MSS组22例。13例MSI病例中,患者年龄47~82岁,平均(64.6±9.5)岁;病理类型包括子宫内膜样腺癌11例(低分化3例,中分化7例,高分化1例),浆液性癌1例,去分化癌1例;FIGO分期包括Ⅰ期9例(Ⅰa期7例,Ⅰb期2例),Ⅱ期1例,Ⅲ期3例。22例MMS病例中,患者年龄35~78岁,平均(55.9±12.8)岁;病理类型包括子宫内膜样腺癌21例(低分化6例,中分化14例,高分化1例),浆液性癌1例;FIGO分期包括Ⅰ期17例(Ⅰa期12例,Ⅰb期5例),Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期2例。

1.2 检查方法

       采用美国GE Signa HDxt 1.5 T MR超导型扫描仪,体部8通道相控阵线圈,患者仰卧位,扫描前禁食并饮水适度充盈膀胱,佩戴节育环的患者于检查前1 d取环。主要扫描序列及参数如下:(1)横轴位T1WI序列:TR 400 ms ,TE 8.0 ms,矩阵320×192,激励次数(NEX)为2.0,扫描时间1 min 40 s。(2)横轴位T2WI序列:TR 4000 ms ,TE 125 ms,矩阵320×192,NEX为4.0,扫描时间2 min 23 s。上述序列均为层厚5.0 mm,间隔1.0 mm,FOV 32 cm×32 cm。(3) ESWAN序列:轴位3D成像,5个回波(TR 16.5 ms ,TE 2.1、5.1、8.0、10.9、13.8 ms),反转角12° ,扫描层厚5.0 mm,重组层厚2.0 mm,层间距0.8 cm ,NEX为0.71 ,FOV 40 cm×40 cm,扫描矩阵256×192,重组矩阵512×512,并行采集加速因子2,扫描时间21 s。

1.3 图像分析与数据测量

       将ESWAN图像数据传送至AW 4.6工作站,利用Function软件包对ESWAN图像进行后处理,获得幅度图、相位图、R2*图及T2*图(图1)。由两名腹部MR诊断经验为6年和8年的放射科医师(观察者1、2)在不知晓患者临床及病理诊断结果的前提下分别完成数据测量。参考常规MR图像,选择肿瘤实质区最大截面勾画ROI,面积大于病灶实质部分的1/3,避开坏死、出血、囊变区,于相邻1~2个层面各勾画1个ROI取平均值。四种ESWAN后处理图像可在工作站相互转换,保证了ROI放置于四种图像上病灶的相同位置。

图1  58岁女性中分化子宫内膜样腺癌患者,MSI. A:为T2WI,红色箭头所指为病灶区;B:为幅度图,ROI放置于病灶区,幅度值为1189.7;C:为相位图,相位值为0.0188弧度;D:为R2*图,R2*为12.375 Hz;E:为T2*图,T2*值为85.005 ms
Fig. 1  A 58 years old female patient with moderately differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma, MSI. A was T2WI, the red arrow indicated the lesion area. B was amplitude image, the ROI placed in focus area, the amplitude was 1189.7. C was phase image, the phase was 0.0188 radian. D was R2* image, the R2* value was 12.375 Hz. E was T2* image, the T2* value was 85.005 ms.

1.4 统计学分析

       应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验各数据是否符合正态分布,符合正态分布者用±s表示,符合偏态分布者用中位数(P25,P75)表示。采用组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient ,ICC)检验两名观察者对两组病例各参数值测量结果的一致性,以0.4、0.75作为评价一致性差、中等、好的界点,取两名观察者测量结果平均值进行分析。采用独立样本t检验(正态分布)或Mann-Whitney U检验(偏态分布)比较两组病例ESWAN各参数值间的差异。对有差异的参数绘制ROC曲线,获得曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC),根据最大约登指数获得相应参数诊断的截断值、敏感度和特异度。P< 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两名观察者各参数测量结果的一致性检验

       两名观察者对两组病例各参数测量一致性检验结果见表1,各组数据测量的一致性好(ICC> 0.75)。

表1  两名观察者测得各参数一致性检验结果(MSI 13例,MSS 22例)
Tab. 1  Consistency test results of parameters measured by two observers (MSI n=13, MSS n=22)

2.2 两组病例各参数值比较及诊断效能评估

       MSI组的R2*值大于MSS组,T2*值小于MSS组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组间的幅度值、相位值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具体结果见表2

       R2*值和T2*值诊断EC MSI状态的AUC、截断值、敏感度、特异度分别为0.797、13.349 Hz、84.6%、63.6%和0.787、79.141 ms、84.6%、68.2%。ROC曲线见图2

图2  R2*值、T2*值诊断EC MSI的ROC曲线
Fig. 2  The ROC of R2* and T2* value to diagnose MSI of EC.
表2  两组病例各参数值比较结果
Tab. 2  Comparison of the parameters between the two groups

3 讨论

       MSI是指某些在保持基因组稳定以及调控基因表达等方面发挥作用的小序列,于DNA复制过程中发生插入、错配或缺失等错误,又因错配修复系统存在功能缺陷而未能被及时纠正,导致新等位基因的累积[5,6]。目前,确定EC MSI状态的常用手段是利用免疫组化方法检测EC患者肿瘤组织的四种错配修复蛋白的表达情况,即MLH-1、MSH-2、MSH-6和PMS-2[7]。利用MRI技术术前预测EC MSI状态已见报道。Bhosale等[8]研究认为MSI状态的EC其小视野IVIM序列的标准ADC值、D值小于MSS者。Ahmed等[9]研究结果发现,MSI状态的EC较MSS的EC有着更高的肿瘤信号强度比率。

       ESWAN序列将特殊的重建算法与基于3D T2*的多回波采集技术相结合,对比常规SWI序列,具有高信噪比与高敏感性、低扫描时间及低失真度等优势[10,11],可以经过后处理获得幅度图、相位图、R2*图、T2*图等多个定量图像。幅度图主要反映组织间信号强度的对比,可清晰显示不同组织结构,并包含了较为丰富的对比信息[12]。本研究结果显示,MSI组与MSS组之间的幅度值无统计学差异,分析原因是由于两组病例的病理类型构成、FIGO分期等情况类似,因此两组病例信号特征无显著差别,进而提示幅度值在定量分析方面价值有限,可能更适合利用幅度图进行病变形态学方面的观察,这与Xin等[13]先前利用幅度值鉴别前列腺良、恶性病变时所得结果相似。本研究结果中两组病例间的相位值亦无统计学差异,可能是由于相位值反映的是组织之间磁化率的差异,影响其准确性的因素较多,包括局部组织内外磁场、肿瘤形状等,两组病例间因这些因素的共同作用使得相位值差异性降低,与Han等[14]利用相位值判断卵巢上皮癌侵袭性时所得结果一致。

       R2*值和T2*值是组织氧合水平的定量体现。R2*值即横向弛豫率,与组织内脱氧血红蛋白浓度正相关,技术上通过在不同时间进行梯度重聚而获得[15]。T2*值即有效横向弛豫时间,是在不考虑周围磁性物质与磁场均匀性影响的条件下获得的[14],与R2*值互为倒数关系。本研究结果显示,MSI组的R2*值大于MSS组,而T2*值小于MSS组。有研究提示MSI相关肿瘤通常有更多的淋巴血管浸润性生长以及淋巴细胞浸润肿瘤组织[16,17],推测会引起单位体积内细胞数量的增多以及代谢水平的提升,进而加重肿瘤组织的乏氧程度,导致血氧饱和度的降低以及脱氧血红蛋白浓度的增高,表现为R2*值增高。此外,MSI组含有一定比例的高危病理类型EC(即低分化子宫内膜样腺癌与Ⅱ型EC,占比5/13),此类EC恶性程度往往较高,有着更为活跃的细胞增殖状态,加重耗氧导致R2*值增高。代谢产物的堆积通过一系列影响引起T2*时间的缩短,表现为T2*值的降低。同时,细胞密度的增高又会导致自由水相对减少,使水分子的扩散程度受到一定限制,也会引起T2*值相应的降低。

       本研究存在一定局限性:首先,ROI的放置未包含肿瘤全域,肿瘤异质性信息可能涵盖不全;其次,研究病例数相对较少,未考虑依据分期、分型等进一步细化分组。

       总之,ESWAN序列的R2*值和T2*值可定量预测EC MSI状态,是一种无创、非增强的方法,具有一定临床应用价值。

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