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病例报告
腺泡状软组织肉瘤伴肺转移一例
郑哲东 孟姮

Cite this article as: Zheng ZD, Meng H. Alveolar soft part sarcoma with lung metastases: a case report. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2020, 11(11): 1038-1039.本文引用格式:郑哲东,孟姮.腺泡状软组织肉瘤伴肺转移一例.磁共振成像, 2020, 11(11): 1038-1039. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2020.11.018.


[关键词] 肉瘤,软组织腺泡状;下肢;磁共振成像
[Keywords] sarcoma, alveolar soft part;lower extremity;magnetic resonance imaging

郑哲东 吉林省北华大学附属医院放射科,吉林 132011

孟姮* 吉林省北华大学附属医院放射科,吉林 132011

通信作者:孟姮,E-mail:beihuamengheng@126.com

利益冲突:无。


收稿日期:2019-12-16
接受日期:2020-07-28
中图分类号:R445.2; R738.6 
文献标识码:B
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2020.11.018
本文引用格式:郑哲东,孟姮.腺泡状软组织肉瘤伴肺转移一例.磁共振成像, 2020, 11(11): 1038-1039. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2020.11.018.

       患者男,37岁。于8个月前住院就诊,主诉:左大腿肿物18个月,久蹲或局部长时间受压时感疼痛不适。

       MRI平扫示:左侧股外肌与股直肌肌间隙内见团片状异常信号影,T1WI呈等及稍高信号,T2WI呈稍高信号为主的混杂信号,范围约5.3 cm×12.5 cm,病灶内及边缘见走行流空血管影,邻近骨质结构未见异常改变。增强:病灶呈不均匀强化,内见条片状未强化区。胸部CT平扫肺内见转移灶(图1A~F)。

       术中所见:肿物深层直达股直肌深层,股外侧肌、股直肌深部肿瘤组织,形态呈卵圆形,瘤体约10 cm×8 cm×5 cm,肿瘤根部与肌肉组织分界不清,混杂生长,血运丰富。

       病理检查:瘤细胞呈腺泡状或巢团状排列,周边血窦丰富。瘤细胞胞质丰富,呈嗜酸性颗粒状,部分胞质呈透明或空泡状。细胞核圆形或卵圆形,核仁明显。免疫组化:TFE3(+) ,Vimentin(少部分+),Desmin(部分弱阳性),Myoglobin(部分弱阳性),MyoD1(部分胞质弱阳性),CD34(肿瘤细胞团见丰富的血窦,见少量瘤栓),MelanA (-),S-100(部分弱+),CgA (-),Syn (-),NSE(部分+),Ki-67 (15%+)。特殊染色:PAS和D-PAS(示肿瘤胞内少量棒状结晶)最终诊断:腺泡状软组织肉瘤(图1G,H)。

图1  男,37岁,腺泡状软组织肉瘤。A:左侧股外侧肌与股直肌肌间隙内见5.3 cm×12.5 cm团片状异常信号,平扫T1WI病灶呈等及稍高信号(箭);B:平扫T2WI病灶呈稍高信号为主的混杂信号(箭);C:平扫冠状位T2WI脂肪抑制序列呈混杂高信号(箭),D、E:增强扫描呈不均匀强化,内见条片状未强化区;F:CT平扫示肺内可见斑点状转移灶(箭);G:镜下见肿瘤组织呈腺泡状或巢团状排列,见丰富的血窦及少量瘤栓(HE ×40);H:PAS染色可见肿瘤细胞内少量棒状结晶(×400)
Fig. 1  Male, 37 years old. Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma. A: There were 5.3 cm×12.5 cm lumpy and patchy abnormal signal in the space between the left vastus lateralis muscle and the rectus femoris muscle. T1WI shows a lesion with equal and slightly hyperintense signal (arrow). B: T2WI shows a lesion presented mixed signals with slightly higher signals (arrow). C: Coronal scan: Fat-suppression T2WI sequence shows mixed hyperintense signals (arrow). D, E: The enhancement scan showed uneven enhancement with strip-like unenhanced areas. F: CT scanning: Spotted metastases in the lungs (arrow). G: On HE staining slice (×40). Microscopically, The tumor tissues were arranged in the form of acinar or nest-like masses, with abundant blood sinuses and a few tumor plugs. H: On PAS staining slice (×400). A few rod-like crystals were found in the tumor cells.

讨论

       腺泡状软组织肉瘤(alveolar soft part sarcoma,ASPS)是一种罕见未知来源细胞的恶性肿瘤,约占软组织肿瘤的0.5%~1.0%,好发于15~35岁之间,成人好发于四肢或躯干,儿童主要发生于头颈部[1]。ASPS生长缓慢,临床症状不明显,不易识别[2]。ASPS有较高的转移倾向,常见转移部位为肺、脑、肝、骨[3,4]。肿瘤CT呈等密度;与骨骼相比,MRI表现为中等或短T1、长T2信号,肿瘤较大时中央区可发生囊变、坏死,肿瘤血供丰富,增强呈明显强化[5,6]

       需与以下疾病进行鉴别:(1)纤维肉瘤:多见于30~50岁于男性,大腿和膝部最为常见;呈圆形或分叶状软组织肿块,在T1WI上呈低或中等信号,T2WI呈高信号,病灶信号不均匀,病灶内可出现出血、坏死,常侵犯周围骨质,增强后呈不均匀强化。(2)恶性纤维组织细胞瘤:老年人最常见的恶性软组织肿瘤,男性多于女性,最易发生于四肢,病灶为分叶状软组织肿瘤,多数边界清晰,T1WI呈略低信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号,增强后实质明显强化;肿瘤内纤维成分含量较多时,T2WI可见到不规则的低信号,可作为鉴别点。(3)横纹肌肉瘤:20岁以下青年最常见的软组织恶性肿瘤,病灶体积较大多呈圆形或类圆形,T1WI呈中等信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强后呈不均匀强化,信号混杂,提示有液化、坏死、出血、囊变,边界模糊,与周围组织分界不清,可侵犯邻近血管和神经;两者鉴别较困难,需要病理学鉴别诊断。(4)滑膜肉瘤:儿童常见的结节状或分叶状软组织肿瘤,T1WI多呈低或中等信号,其内无明显留空血管,T2WI呈不均匀高信号,病灶较大易囊变,瘤内常见小钙化灶,增强后明显强化。

       腺泡状软组织肉瘤临床及影像学表现上缺乏特异性,但中青年患者四肢深部生长缓慢的肿块,病灶体积较大,T1WI呈等或高信号,见丰富的血管流空影,T2WI呈混杂信号,增强明显强化,可发生远处转移,应考虑ASPS可能,结合病理学做出诊断。

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郭萍,黄菁慧,王柏平,等.腺泡状软组织肉瘤的MRI表现与病理对照.中国医学影像学杂志, 2017, 25(02): 125-127, 129. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5185.2017.02.012
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