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病例报告
颈椎椎管内孤立性纤维瘤一例
郑海格 李恒国

Cite this article as: Citation:Zheng HG, Li HG. Solitary fibrous tumor inside the cervical spinal canal: One case report[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2021, 12(10): 80-81.本文引用格式:郑海格, 李恒国. 颈椎椎管内孤立性纤维瘤一例[J]. 磁共振成像, 2021, 12(10): 80-81. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.10.020.


[关键词] 颈椎;孤立性纤维瘤;磁共振成像
[Keywords] cervical spinal;solitary fibrous tumor;magnetic resonance imaging

郑海格    李恒国 *  

暨南大学附属第一医院医学影像中心,广州 510620

李恒国,E-mail:lhgjnu@263.net

全体作者均声明无利益冲突。


收稿日期:2021-03-06
接受日期:2021-04-01
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.10.020
本文引用格式:郑海格, 李恒国. 颈椎椎管内孤立性纤维瘤一例[J]. 磁共振成像, 2021, 12(10): 80-81. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.10.020.

       患者女,73岁,因耳后和右颈部疼痛伴右手麻木入我院就诊。CT表现:C1~C4椎管内脊髓右外侧见一不规则肿块影,大小约5.5 cm×2.4 cm×1.8 cm,平扫CT值约44 Hu,增强扫描肿块明显强化,边界清晰(图1A);肿块向右侧C2/3及C3/4椎间孔延伸突向椎管外,右侧C2/3及C3/4椎间孔扩大,C2~C3右侧椎板局部骨质吸收并可见硬化边(图1B)。MRI表现:C1~C4椎管内脊髓右外侧可见一不规则肿块影,边界清晰,肿块T1WI呈等或低信号(图1C),T2WI及T2压脂呈高信号、其内可见条片状稍低信号影(图1D),增强扫描肿块不均匀明显强化,邻近脊膜轻度增厚,可见脊膜尾征(图1E1F);肿块向右侧C2/3及C3/4椎间孔延伸突向椎管外,右侧C2/3及C3/4椎间孔扩大。影像诊断:C1~C4椎管内髓外(脊髓右外侧)肿块,考虑脊膜瘤,肿块周围骨质及相应节段脊髓受压。病理检查:大体所见灰白灰红色碎组织一堆,直径共3.5 cm。镜下见梭形肿瘤细胞,呈交织状、席纹状排列,粗细不等、形状不一的胶原纤维分布于肿瘤细胞之间,部分区域瘤细胞密度高,核分裂像易见(图1G);免疫组化:CD34 (+) (图1H),S-100 (-),Syn (-),GFAP (-),SMA (-),EMA (-),CD99 (-),PR (少数,+),P53 (少数,+),Ki-67约20% (+)。病理诊断:孤立性纤维瘤(solitary fibrous tumor,SFT)。

图1  女,73岁,颈椎椎管内外孤立性纤维瘤。A:轴位CT增强扫描见明显强化的软组织肿块影(箭)。B:CT骨窗示C2~C3右侧椎板局部骨质吸收并可见硬化边(箭)。C~F:MRI示C1~C4椎体椎管内髓外硬膜下不规则肿块,T1WI呈等低信号(C,箭),T2WI呈不均匀稍高信号(D,箭);矢状位及轴位增强扫描示病灶明显强化(E、F,箭)。G:病理检查:镜下可见梭形肿瘤细胞,呈交织状、席纹状排列,粗细不等、形状不一的胶原纤维分布于肿瘤细胞之间,部分区域瘤细胞密度高(HE ×200)。H:免疫组化:CD34阳性(×200)
Fig. 1  Female, 73 years old, with a solitary fibroma inside and outside the cervical spinal canal. A: An enhanced axial CT shows a significantly enhanced mass (arrow). B: CT bone window shows local bone resorption and sclerosis in the right lamina of C2—C3 (arrow). C—F: MRI shows an irregular extramedullary subdural mass at the level of C1—C4 vertebral bodies, with isolow signal intensity on T1WI (C, arrow) and slightly uneven hyperintensity on T2WI (D, arrow). Sagittal and axial contrast-enhanced imaging shows obvious enhancement of the lesion (E, F, arrow). G: Pathological examination: The spindle-shaped tumor cells can be seen under the microscope, which are arranged in an interlaced and mat-like pattern. Collagen fibers of different thickness and shape are distributed among the tumor cells. The tumor cell density is high in some areas (HE ×200). H: Immunohistochemistry: CD34 (+) ( ×200).

讨论

       SFT是少见的NAB2-STAT6融合基因相关的梭形细胞肿瘤,起源于树突状间质细胞,具有中等恶性潜能,易复发[1]。在过去,SFT和血管外皮细胞瘤(hemangiopericytoma,HPC)被认为是两个不同的肿瘤,然而,近年来研究发现它们具有相似的组织学和相同的基因融合体,所以2016年WHO将它们归为同一实体肿瘤[2, 3]

       SFT好发于胸膜,发生于胸膜外的较为少见,发生于椎管内的则更为罕见。椎管SFT主要发生在41~50岁的中年人,男性稍多于女性[4],在胸椎、颈椎以及腰椎的发生率依次降低[5]。本例肿瘤位于颈椎椎管内外,部位罕见,国内仅有少数个案报道[6, 7],且患者年龄为73岁,是国内外个案报道中年龄较大的。SFT的临床表现大多表现为脊髓或神经根受压所引起的继发表现,本例患者亦出现了右颈部疼痛伴右手麻木等相关症状。在病理检查中,SFT镜下最主要的特点是同时存在肿瘤细胞密集区与稀疏区,稀疏区可见胶原纤维分布,核分裂像越明显,Ki-67表达越高,侵袭性则越强,若免疫组化示CD34强阳性则对其诊断有重要意义。本例病理表现与之相符,CD34阳性,且核分裂像易见,Ki-67高表达,提示其有恶变倾向[8]

       本例CT表现为形态尚规则的软组织肿块,边界清楚,增强扫描呈不均匀强化,邻近椎板骨质吸收、增生硬化,其骨质改变在既往文献中报道较少。SFT的典型MRI表现为T1WI、T2WI均呈等或低信号,增强扫描病灶呈明显均匀强化[4],T2WI低信号可能跟肿瘤富含胶原纤维有关[9, 10]。而本例在T2WI上呈不均匀稍高信号,可能和肿瘤富含梭形细胞、黏液变性有关[9, 10],与文献报道的常见表现不同。据报道,SFT的复发率约占30%,平均复发时间为34个月[11],而该患者在肿物切除术后半年复发,预后较差。

       椎管髓外硬膜下SFT需要和脊膜瘤、神经源性肿瘤及转移瘤等鉴别。(1)脊膜瘤:病变范围稍局限,宽基底,强化尚均匀,“硬膜尾征”常见。(2)神经源性肿瘤:典型呈哑铃状改变,呈长T1长T2信号,多囊变,可见脊髓空洞征。(3)转移瘤:有原发肿瘤病史,囊变、坏死多见。总之,椎管SFT是罕见的间质源性肿瘤,虽然大多数为良性,但也可发生复发和转移,所以在手术后仍需随访。

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