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基础研究
3.0 T磁共振成像评估大鼠自身免疫性前列腺炎的实验性研究
陈子琦 李宜泽 单春辉 俞秀巧 张璐瑶 王振显 陈英敏

Cite this article as: CHEN Z Q, LI Y Z, SHAN C H, et al. An experimental study of 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate autoimmune prostatitis in rats[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2025, 16(2): 100-106.本文引用格式:陈子琦, 李宜泽, 单春辉, 等. 3.0 T磁共振成像评估大鼠自身免疫性前列腺炎的实验性研究[J]. 磁共振成像, 2025, 16(2): 100-106. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.02.016.


[摘要] 目的 探讨3.0 T MRI在评估大鼠实验性自身免疫性前列腺炎(experimental autoimmune prostatitis, EAP)严重程度及补锌治疗效果中的应用价值。材料与方法 本研究为前瞻性随机对照实验,以传统的自身免疫性前列腺炎大鼠的建模方式为基础构建5组大鼠模型,分别为对照(normal control, NC)组(6只)、模型组A(EAP-A组)(6只)、治疗组A(EAPZ-A组)(6只)、模型组B(EAP-B组)(6只)以及治疗组B(EAPZ-B组)(6只)。其中,EAP-A组与EAPZ-A组大鼠采用15 mg/mL异体前列腺抗原混合物皮内注射进行造模,EAP-B组与EAPZ-B组大鼠采用30 mg/mL异体前列腺抗原混合物皮内注射进行造模,NC组大鼠则采用等量的生理盐水皮内注射进行造模。在模型构建前(12周龄)、模型构建后(18周龄)及治疗组补锌结束后(22周龄)对各组大鼠行MRI扫描,包括轴位T1WI、T2WI、弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging, DWI)和矢状位质子密度加权成像(proton density weighted imaging, PDWI);在22周龄磁共振扫描结束后取材,行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE)病理染色进行观察。测量各组大鼠前列腺在不同周龄的标准化T2WI信号强度及平均扩散系数(average diffusion coefficient, ADC)值,并行组间及组内两两比较。其中,各组大鼠前列腺在不同周龄的标准化T2WI信号强度的组间比较采用单因素方差分析,当P<0.05时进一步开展最小显著差异(least significant difference, LSD)多重比较;各组大鼠前列腺在不同周龄的标准化T2WI信号强度的组内比较采用配对样本t检验。各组大鼠前列腺在不同周龄的ADC值的组间比较采用单因素方差分析;各组大鼠前列腺在不同周龄的ADC值的组内比较采用配对样本t检验。结果 12周龄时,各组之间的标准化T2WI信号强度差异均无统计学意义(P=0.918)。18周龄建模成功后,除NC组的标准化T2WI信号强度未下降外,其余四组均不同程度降低,且EAP-A组/EAPZ-A组的标准化T2WI信号强度均高于EAP-B组/EAPZ-B组(P均<0.001),但EAP-A组及EAPZ-A组、EAP-B组与EAPZ-B组之间的差异无统计学意义(P值分别为0.340、0.113)。22周龄治疗结束后,EAPZ-A组、EAPZ-B组的标准化T2WI信号强度回升,与NC组相比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),且均高于EAP-A组及EAP-B组(P均<0.001)。各组大鼠在不同周龄的ADC值行组间比较及组内比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 3.0 T MRI能够有效评估大鼠EAP的严重程度,并可作为监测补锌治疗效果的无创手段,具有重要的临床应用潜力。
[Abstract] Objective To explore the application value of 3.0 T MRI in evaluating the severity of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and the effect of zinc supplementation in rats.Materials and Methods This study was a prospective randomized controlled experiment, and five groups of rat models were constructed based on the traditional modeling method of autoimmune prostatitis rats, which were normal control (NC) group (6 rats), model group A (EAP-A group) (6 rats), treatment group A (EAPZ-A group) (6 rats), model group B (EAP-B group) (6 rats), and treatment group B (EAPZ-B group) (6 rats). Among them, the rats in the EAP-A group and the EAPZ-A group were modeled by intradermal injection of 15 mg/mL allogeneic prostate antigen mixture, the rats in the EAP-B group and the EAPZ-B group were modeled by intradermal injection of 30 mg/mL allogeneic prostate antigen mixture, and the rats in the NC group were modeled by intradermal injection of the same amount of normal saline. MRI scans were performed before the model was constructed (12 weeks old), after the model was constructed (18 weeks old) and after the treatment group was supplemented with zinc (22 weeks old), including axial T1WI, T2WI, diffusion weighted image (DWI) and sagittal proton density-weighted imaging (PDWI). At the end of the 22-week-old scan, the samples were collected and observed by pathological staining of hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The standardized T2WI signal intensity and average diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the prostate gland at different weeks in each group were measured, and the prostate was compared between and within groups. Among them, one-way ANOVA was used to compare the standardized T2WI signal intensity of the prostate gland at different weeks in each group, and the least significant difference (LSD) was further compared when P < 0.05. The paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison of standardized T2WI signal intensity of rat prostate at different weeks of age in each group. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the ADC values of the prostate gland at different weeks in each group. The paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison of ADC values of prostate at different weeks in each group.Results At 12 weeks of age, there was no statistically significant difference in the intensity of standardized T2WI signal between the groups (P = 0.918). After successful modeling at 18 weeks of age, except for the NC group, the standardized T2WI signal intensity in the other four groups decreased to varying degrees, and the standardized T2WI signal intensity in the EAP-A group/EAPZ-A group was higher than that in the EAP-B group/EAPZ-B group (all P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between EAP-A and EAPZ-A and EAPZ-B and EAPZ-B (P values were 0.340 and 0.113, respectively). After the end of treatment at 22 weeks, the standardized T2WI signal intensity in EAPZ-A and EAPZ-B groups rebounded, and the difference was not statistically significant (all P > 0.05), and they were all higher than those in EAP-A and EAP-B (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the ADC values between groups and within groups at different weeks (all P > 0.05).Conclusions 3.0 T MRI can effectively assess the severity of EAP in rats, and can be used as a non-invasive means to monitor the effect of zinc supplementation, which has important clinical application potential.
[关键词] 实验性自身免疫性前列腺炎;Wistar大鼠模型;磁共振成像;锌;疗效评价
[Keywords] experimental autoimmune prostatitis;Wistar rat model;magnetic resonance imaging;zinc;evaluation of efficacy

陈子琦 1, 2   李宜泽 2, 3#   单春辉 3   俞秀巧 2, 4   张璐瑶 2, 3   王振显 1*   陈英敏 3*  

1 河北省人民医院泌尿外科,石家庄 050051

2 河北医科大学研究生学院,石家庄 050017

3 河北省人民医院医学影像科,石家庄 050051

4 河北省人民医院超声医学科,石家庄 050051

通信作者:王振显,E-mail: zhenxianw2022@163.com 陈英敏,E-mail: hbghyingxiang@126.com

作者贡献声明:陈英敏、王振显设计本研究的方案,对稿件重要内容进行了修改;陈子琦、李宜泽起草和撰写稿件,获取、分析和解释本研究的数据;单春辉、俞秀巧、张璐瑶获取、分析或解释本研究的数据,对稿件重要内容进行了修改。陈英敏获得了2020年度河北省政府资助临床医学优秀人才培养项目的资助;全体作者都同意发表最后的修改稿,同意对本研究的所有方面负责,确保本研究的准确性和诚信。


基金项目: 2020年度河北省政府资助临床医学优秀人才培养项目 冀卫办科教〔2021〕1号
收稿日期:2024-09-30
接受日期:2025-02-10
中图分类号:R445.2  R-332 
文献标识码:A
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.02.016
本文引用格式:陈子琦, 李宜泽, 单春辉, 等. 3.0 T磁共振成像评估大鼠自身免疫性前列腺炎的实验性研究[J]. 磁共振成像, 2025, 16(2): 100-106. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2025.02.016.

0 引言

       前列腺炎是一种常见的男性泌尿生殖系统疾病,其病因复杂,临床表现多样,包括疼痛、排尿异常及性功能障碍等症状,严重影响患者的生活质量。其中,慢性非细菌性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征(chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, CP/CPPS)是最常见的前列腺炎,约占所有前列腺炎的90%以上[1, 2]。实验性自身免疫性前列腺炎(experimental autoimmune prostatitis, EAP)动物模型是研究人类CP/CPPS的重要工具,其能模拟人类CP/CPPS的免疫学特征和病理生理过程,为探讨疾病机制和开发新的治疗策略提供了重要平台[3, 4]

       然而,在EAP的严重程度评估方面,现有研究主要依赖组织病理学检查,这种方法虽然直观,但具有侵入性,无法实现动态监测,且难以量化炎症的严重程度,限制了研究的纵向深入[5, 6]。而在EAP的治疗效果评估方面,多数研究则集中于使用生化指标或传统组织学来评价非甾体类抗炎药、免疫调节剂、中草药等的干预效果,对抗氧化剂特别是锌的研究较少[7, 8, 9];然而,研究表明,锌是前列腺液中重要的微量元素,锌缺乏与前列腺炎的发生发展密切相关;补锌治疗作为一种潜在的前列腺炎治疗策略,其具体疗效亟须进一步研究[10, 11, 12]

       MRI技术因其无创、高分辨率、多参数成像等优势,在软组织疾病的研究中得到了广泛应用[13, 14]。研究表明,MRI能够清晰显示前列腺的解剖结构,并反映组织的病理生理变化,例如炎症、水肿和纤维化等[15, 16, 17]。然而从未有研究将MRI技术运用于评估EAP大鼠模型的严重程度及补锌治疗效果。本研究以Wistar大鼠为研究对象,通过注射不同浓度的异体前列腺抗原构建了多组EAP模型,并行锌试剂灌胃治疗,创新性地使用标准化T2WI信号强度及表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC)值来评估EAP模型严重程度及补锌治疗的效果,较全面客观地动态反映了炎症演变过程中的变化规律,证实了补锌的治疗潜力,填补了该领域的研究空白。这一创新性研究有望为CP/CPPS的诊疗提供新的影像学思路和方法,具有重要的理论和实践意义。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验动物

       本实验遵循国家研究委员会实验室实验动物护理和使用指南,并经河北省人民医院医学伦理委员会批准,批准文号:2023108。本研究采用G*Power 3.1.9.7统计软件进行样本量估算,计算方法选择F检验,检验效应力0.25,检验水准0.05,检验功效0.8,组数为5,测量次数为3,最终计算得出所需样本量为30例。

       本实验于2024年1月至4月期间开展,实验动物及饲料均从辽宁长生生物技术有限公司购置,共选用10周龄雄性Wistar大鼠40只,所有动物均达到无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SPF)级标准。大鼠饲养于河北省人民医院临床研究中心清洁级动物房,温度(22±2)℃、相对湿度(50±10)%。实验全程采用普通饲料喂养,自由进食,自由饮用纯水。在完成2周适应性饲养后,即待大鼠生长至第12周龄时,于同一研究中心正式开展实验。

1.2 实验分组与模型构建

       本研究以传统自身免疫性前列腺炎大鼠的建模方式为基础来构建大鼠模型[18, 19]。随机取10只大鼠获得前列腺抗原,剩余30只大鼠随机平均分为5组,分别为对照(normal control, NC)组(6只)、模型组A(EAP-A组)(6只)、治疗组A(EAPZ-A组)(6只)、模型组B(EAP-B组)(6只)以及治疗组B(EAPZ-B组)(6只)。

       将10只大鼠腹腔注射戊巴比妥(40 mg/kg)麻醉,然后通过腹主动脉采血实施安乐死。收集前列腺组织并将其与0.5% TritonX-100(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,中国)匀浆,在冰水浴中保存。将上清液在4 ℃下以12 000 g离心10 min,并重复离心一次以获得最终上清液。使用二辛酸(bicinchonininc acid, BCA)蛋白定量试剂盒(上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司,中国)测量上清液中的蛋白质浓度,用0.1 M磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水(phosphate buffer saline, PBS)缓冲液(武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司,中国)分别将其稀释至15 mg/mL与30 mg/mL。将蛋白与完全弗氏佐剂(Freund's adjuvant complete, FCA)(Sigma公司,美国)1∶1混合。在实验开始第0天和第28天(大鼠鼠龄分别为12周龄、16周龄)分别对EAP-A组与EAPZ-A组大鼠采用15 mg/mL混合物皮内注射,EAP-B组与EAPZ-B组大鼠采用30 mg/mL混合物皮内注射。注射部位分别位于双侧后足垫(各0.1 mL)、左侧腹股沟(0.3 mL)和颈背部(0.5 mL)。NC组在相同的位置皮内注射等量的生理盐水。EAPZ-A及EAPZ-B组在大鼠第18周龄时给予含有10 mg/kg/天的锌试剂灌胃治疗(Sigma公司,美国),持续4周,EAP-A与EAP-B大鼠在同一时刻使用等量的生理盐水灌胃。实验在鼠龄到达第22周时结束。在实验开始前(12周龄),建模成功后(18周龄)和治疗完成后(22周龄)对所有Wistar大鼠进行MRI扫描。

1.3 检查方法

       (1)动物准备:大鼠禁食水12 h,用40 mg/kg的戊巴比妥进行腹腔注射麻醉,大鼠采用俯卧位,足先进,将前列腺置于线圈中心,进行MRI扫描。(2)图像采集:本实验采用3.0 T MRI(GE Healthcare, Discovery 750W, USA)并使用16通道动物线圈(上海辰光医疗科技股份有限公司,CG-MUC49-H300-AG)行前列腺MRI扫描,扫描方案包括轴位T1WI、T2WI、弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging, DWI)和矢状位质子密度加权成像(proton density weighted imaging, PDWI),具体参数见表1。DWI采用单次激发自旋平面回波序列,b值取800 s/mm2。(3)数据分析:对T2WI的信号强度进行标准化处理以减少不同大鼠之间的差异,方法是在显示正常前列腺组织或病变的最大层面绘制最大感兴趣区(region of interest, ROI),同时在此层面选择椎旁肌勾画最大ROI,将二者的信号强度相除得到T2WI的标准化信号强度。即对于每个大鼠j,每个ROI(i)的标准化T2WI信号强度为:T2WInorm_i=T2WIi/T2WImuscle_j。在ADW4.6工作站上对DWI图像进行后处理,重建出ADC图,由一名具有2年科研经验的住院医师在一名具有10年以上前列腺MRI诊断经验的影像科主任医师指导下测量前列腺的最低ADC值,且对测量对象的病理结果不知情。测量时通过伪彩图进行主观判断,ROI为类圆形,面积3~5 mm2,尽量避开精囊根部、血管、钙化、出血、坏死及伪影,对每个ROI测量三次取平均值进行下一步分析,具体过程见图1。(4)病理检查:在22周龄MRI扫描结束后,取出各组大鼠的前列腺组织,以4%多聚甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋、轴向切片(厚度为2 mm)、苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE)染色,随后在光学显微镜下进行观察。

图1  ROI勾画流程示意图。1A:轴位T2WI,测量前列腺病变(黄箭,红圈)及椎旁肌(绿箭,红圈)的T2WI信号强度,将二者相除得到标准化T2WI信号强度;1B:轴位DWI,黄箭所指为前列腺;1C:轴位ADC重建图,蓝绿黄红伪彩分别代表不同的ADC值,由蓝色到红色,ADC值逐渐升高,黑箭所指为前列腺,通过伪彩图进行判断并测量前列腺的最低ADC值(红圈),紫箭所指为膀胱,蓝箭所指为脊椎。ROI:感兴趣区;DWI:弥散加权成像;ADC:表观扩散系数。
Fig. 1  ROI delineation process diagram. 1A: Axial T2WI. The T2WI signal intensity of prostate lesions (yellow arrow, red circle) and paravertebral muscles (green arrow, red circle) is measured, and the normalized T2WI signal intensity is obtained by dividing the two. 1B: Axial DWI. The yellow arrow refers to the prostate. 1C: Axial ADC reconstruction diagram. Blue, green, yellow and red pseudo-colors represent different ADC values, and the ADC values gradually increase from blue to red. The black arrow refers to the prostate, and the lowest ADC value of the prostate is measured by a pseudo-color map (red circle), the purple arrow refers to the bladder, and the blue arrow refers to the spine. ROI: region of interest; DWI: diffusion weighted imaging; ADC: apparent diffusion coefficient.
表1  MRI序列和参数
Tab. 1  MRI sequences and parameters

1.4 统计学分析

       本研究采用SPSS 25.0 进行统计学分析。数据采用Shapiro-Wilk方法进行正态性检验。符合正态分布的计量资料采用x¯±s表示,符合偏态分布的计量资料采用MP25,P75)表示。两组之间的数据比较采用成组两样本t检验或Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U检验;三组或以上组间数据比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA检验)或多样本Kruskal Wallis H秩和检验,并对有统计学差异的数据开展LSD法多重比较。组内数据比较采用配对t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩和检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 EAP严重程度评估

       12周龄时,各组大鼠的前列腺在轴位T2WI上均呈较均匀的稍高信号,且各组大鼠的前列腺标准化T2WI信号强度之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.918),表明各组大鼠的基线数据均衡可比,详见图2表2

       18周龄时,除NC组大鼠前列腺在轴位T2WI上仍呈较均匀的稍高信号外,其余组别大鼠的前列腺在轴位T2WI上均可见斑片状或大片状低信号。此外,模型组及治疗组大鼠前列腺的标准化T2WI信号强度较NC组均降低,差异存在统计学意义(P均<0.001),且高浓度抗原组(EAP-B、EAPZ-B)大鼠的前列腺标准化T2WI信号强度较低浓度抗原组(EAP-A、EAPZ-A)更低,差异存在统计学意义(P均<0.001),而EAP-A及EAPZ-A组大鼠的前列腺标准化T2WI信号强度、EAP-B及EAPZ-B组大鼠的前列腺标准化T2WI信号强度之间的差异则不具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.340、0.113)。病理结果显示,EAP-A组、EAP-B组大鼠前列腺上皮不同程度折叠,腺体萎缩,组织充血水肿,可见不同程度炎性细胞浸润。上述结果表明EAP大鼠模型构建较成功,且抗原注射浓度越大,炎症越明显,标准化T2WI信号强度下降也越多,即标准化T2WI信号强度可用于评估EAP严重程度,详见图23表23

图2  各组大鼠在不同周龄的T2WI图像。12周龄时,各组大鼠的前列腺呈较均匀的稍高信号。18周龄时,EAPZ-A组、EAPZ-B组、EAP-A组、EAP-B组大鼠的前列腺内可见斑片状或大片状低信号;NC组大鼠的前列腺仍呈较均匀的稍高信号。22周龄时,EAPZ-A组、EAPZ-B组、NC组大鼠的前列腺呈较均匀稍高信号;EAP-A组、EAP-B组大鼠的前列腺内仍可见斑片状或大片状低信号。红箭:前列腺;蓝箭:膀胱。NC:对照组;EAP-A:模型组A;EAPZ-A:治疗组A;EAP-B:模型组B;EAPZ-B:治疗组B。
Fig. 2  T2WI images of rats in each group at different weeks' age. At 12 weeks of age, the prostate gland of the rats in each group shows a relatively uniform slightly higher intensity. At 18 weeks of age, patchy or large flake hypointensity is seen in the prostate of rats in EAPZ-A, EAPZ-B, EAP-A and EAP-B groups. The prostate gland of the NC group still shows a relatively uniform slightly higher intensity. At 22 weeks of age, the prostate of EAPZ-A, EAPZ-B and NC groups shows a relatively uniform and slightly higher prostate signal. Patchy or large flake hypointensity is still seen in the prostate of rats in EAP-A group and EAP-B group. Red arrow: prostate; Blue arrow: bladder. NC: control group; EAP-A: model group A; EAPZ-A: treatment group A; EAP-B: model group B; EAPZ-B: treatment group B.
图3  各组大鼠22周龄时的病理学结果比较(HE,×100)。NC组、EAPZ-A组、EAPZ-B组大鼠前列腺上皮、间质外观及组织学形态尚正常,可见少量炎性细胞浸润(黄箭)。EAP-A组、EAP-B组大鼠前列腺上皮不同程度折叠(绿箭),腺体萎缩,组织充血水肿,可见不同程度炎性细胞浸润(黄箭)。图中所示标尺为100 μm。HE:苏木精-伊红染色;NC:对照组;EAP-A:模型组A;EAPZ-A:治疗组A;EAP-B:模型组B;EAPZ-B:治疗组B。
Fig. 3  Comparison of pathological results at 22 weeks of age in each group (HE, ×100). The prostate epithelium, interstitial appearance and histological morphology of the prostate in the NC group, EAPZ-A group and EAPZ-B group are normal, and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration (yellow arrow) is seen. The prostate epithelium of the rats in the EAP-A group and EAP-B group is folded to varying degrees (green arrow). The gland atrophy, tissue congestion and edema, and more inflammatory cell infiltration (yellow arrow) is seen. The scale shown in the figure is 100 μm. HE: hematoxylin-eosin; NC: control group; EAP-A: model group A; EAPZ-A: treatment group A; EAP-B: model group B; EAPZ-B: treatment group B.
表2  不同周龄大鼠的标准化T2WI信号强度及比较
Tab. 2  Comparison of standardized T2WI signal intensity in rats of different weeks of age
表3  大鼠18周龄时标准化T2WI信号强度行组间两两比较
Tab. 3  Pairwise comparison of standardized T2WI signal intensity in each group at 18 weeks of age

2.2 补锌疗效评价

       22周龄时,EAPZ-A及EAPZ-B组大鼠前列腺的标准化T2WI信号强度较18周龄时均升高(P均<0.05),且和22周龄时NC组大鼠的标准化T2WI信号强度之间的差异不具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.851、0.424);病理结果表明,EAPZ-A及EAPZ-B组大鼠的前列腺上皮、间质外观及组织学形态基本正常。上述结果表明,锌试剂对改善EAP具有一定价值,而标准化T2WI信号强度则有助于无创评估补锌的治疗效果,详见图23表245

表4  大鼠22周龄时标准化T2WI信号强度行组间两两比较
Tab. 4  Pairwise comparison of standardized T2WI signal intensity in rats at 22 weeks of age
表5  标准化T2WI信号强度在不同周龄时行组内比较的P
Tab. 5  P values of standardized T2WI signal intensity compared among groups at different weeks of age

2.3 不同组别大鼠在不同周龄的ADC值及相关比较

       NC组、EAPZ-A组、EAPZ-B组、EAP-A组、EAP-B组在不同周龄的ADC值行组间比较及组内比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),详见表67

表6  各组大鼠在不同周龄的ADC值及比较
Tab. 6  ADC values of rats in different weeks of age and comparison
表7  各大鼠的ADC值在不同周龄时行组内比较的P
Tab. 7  P values of ADC values of rats at different weeks of age

3 讨论

       本实验是第一个使用MRI定量参数(标准化T2WI信号强度、ADC值)评估EAP大鼠炎症严重程度及补锌治疗效果的实验性研究,通过注射不同浓度的异体前列腺抗原构建了多组EAP大鼠模型,并对部分大鼠行锌试剂灌胃治疗,首次动态监测和评估了模型组、治疗组及对照组大鼠在模型构建及补锌治疗前后核磁定量参数的变化。研究结果显示,EAP严重程度越高,T2WI信号强度下降越明显;补锌治疗对改善炎症浸润具有一定价值,T2WI信号强度则有助于无创评估锌试剂的治疗效果。因此,T2WI信号强度作为监测和评估大鼠EAP严重程度及补锌治疗的有用指标,有望成为一种潜在的影像生物标志物,为CP/CPPS的临床诊疗提供新的客观依据。

3.1 T2WI信号强度与炎症的关系

       T2WI是MRI中常用的序列之一,其信号强度主要反映组织内水分子的弛豫特性。炎症反应通常伴随血管通透性增加,导致组织间隙水分增多,形成水肿。在T2WI上,水肿区域由于水分子含量增加,通常表现为高信号。然而,本研究发现EAP严重程度越高,T2WI信号强度反而下降,这一现象可能与炎症后期的纤维化及细胞浸润有关。已有研究表明[20, 21, 22],在慢性炎症中,随着炎症进展,组织内胶原纤维沉积增多,大量炎性细胞(如淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞)浸润,水分子的运动受限,导致T2弛豫时间缩短,信号强度降低。本研究结果与此相符,提示T2WI信号强度不仅反映急性水肿,还可用于评估慢性炎症的纤维化及细胞浸润情况。

       既往研究多关注急性炎症[23, 24, 25],而本研究首次将T2WI信号强度应用于EAP模型的动态评估,尤其是慢性炎症阶段的纤维化改变。此外,本实验通过构建多组不同浓度的EAP大鼠模型,能够更全面地反映炎症演变过程中T2WI信号强度的变化规律,填补了该领域的研究空白。

3.2 ADC值在炎症评估中的应用

       ADC值是DWI中的定量参数,能够反映组织内水分子的扩散特性。在炎症性疾病中,ADC值的变化与组织水肿、细胞浸润及纤维化等病理改变密切相关。慢性前列腺炎时,由于大量炎性细胞浸润,腺体结构破坏,纤维结缔组织增生,水分子扩散受限,布朗运动减弱,因此病变在DWI序列中常表现为高信号,ADC值减低,即弥散受限[26, 27, 28]。然而本研究发现NC组、EAPZ-A组、EAPZ-B组、EAP-A组、EAP-B组的ADC值在治疗前后不同周龄的组间及组内比较差异均不具有统计学意义,这与前人的研究不一致[29]。我们推测这一现象出现的原因为:DWI序列易受到肠道内气体、排泄物或直肠中血液等导致的磁化率伪影的干扰,而本研究采用的3.0 T MRI扫描仪对磁化率伪影更加敏感;另外大鼠前列腺炎的病灶大多数比较小,存在部分容积效应,以上导致在测量ADC值时存在一定误差,影响结果的准确性。

3.3 补锌治疗的抗炎作用

       锌是人体所必需的微量元素之一,参与免疫、生殖、DNA代谢和修复等多种生理过程[30]。研究表明[26, 31],Zn2+是前列腺多种酶促反应的催化剂,对自身免疫引起的炎症具有重要调控的作用,当前列腺液Zn2+浓度下降时,可促进IL-6、IL-8等炎症介质的释放而导致炎症的发生[32];而补锌治疗则有助于改善前列腺的局部免疫功能,提高其抗菌活性,从而减轻炎症[33, 34]。本实验在18周龄造模成功后给予治疗组锌试剂灌胃治疗,结果发现22周龄时,治疗组的前列腺呈较均匀稍高信号,其内低信号基本消失,且T2WI信号强度回升,和NC组之间的差异不存在统计学意义,病理结果则显示治疗组的前列腺上皮周围仅有少量炎性细胞浸润,无明显前列腺上皮折叠,前列腺间质外观及组织学形态基本正常,和未经补锌治疗的模型组前列腺形成明显对比。该结果表明,补锌治疗对于改善EAP具有重要意义,而T2WI信号强度可在一定程度上反映EAP的补锌疗效。

       与以往研究多关注生化指标或组织学改变不同[35, 36, 37],本研究首次将补锌治疗应用于EAP大鼠模型,并通过3.0 T MRI定量参数(T2WI信号强度、ADC值)动态评估其抗炎效果,为补锌治疗的疗效监测提供了新的影像学依据,具有较高的临床转化潜力。

3.4 本研究的局限性

       本实验尚存在一些不足之处:(1)由于EAP的病变范围在不同大鼠之间可能存在差异,且部分大鼠的病变范围较小,加之本研究选择的磁场强度为3.0 T,对较小的结构与病灶显示能力有限,这可能导致对部分大鼠前列腺炎的评估不够准确,无法全面反映其炎症程度;而在评估补锌治疗效果时,由于MRI对小病灶显示不佳,可能无法准确观察到治疗后小病灶的变化情况,从而影响对治疗效果的准确判断。因此,今后应考虑增加抗原注射量来扩大病灶范围,并使用7.0 T动物实验专用MRI扫描仪进一步研究;(2)部分大鼠肠道准备不足,ADC值的测量受到肠道内容物所致磁化率伪影的干扰,今后需尽量做好MRI扫描前的肠道清洁工作,对此种干扰尽量加以避免;(3)本实验缺乏与其他诊断方法(如临床症状评分、血清炎症标志物检测等)的对比,今后应进一步研究;(4)本实验所使用的核磁序列及指标较少,尚不够全面,未来需联合磁共振波谱及动态增强扫描等技术进一步深入分析。

4 结论

       本研究通过MRI评估了EAP大鼠模型的严重程度及补锌治疗效果。实验结果表明,T2WI信号强度与EAP炎症严重程度密切相关;补锌治疗后,T2WI信号强度回升,提示补锌可缓解EAP相关的病理改变,具有潜在的治疗价值。这些发现为EAP的无创诊断和治疗效果评估提供了新的影像学依据,具有重要的临床应用潜力。

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