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病例报告
MRI诊断颈项部滑膜肉瘤一例
王亚文 王丽君

Cite this article as: Wang YW, Wang LJ. MRI diagnosis of cervical synovial sarcoma: one case report[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2021, 12(1): 63-64.本文引用格式:王亚文, 王丽君. MRI诊断颈项部滑膜肉瘤一例[J]. 磁共振成像, 2021, 12(1): 63-64. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.01.013.


[关键词] 颈部;滑膜肉瘤;磁共振成像
[Keywords] cervix;synovial sarcoma;magnetic resonance imaging

王亚文 1   王丽君 2*  

1 大连医科大学,大连 116044

2 大连医科大学附属第一医院,大连 116011

*通信作者:王丽君,E-mail:wanglj345@163.com

作者利益冲突声明:全体作者均声明无利益冲突。


基金项目: 辽宁省自然科学基金 20180550719 校级教改课题 DYLX19046
收稿日期:2020-08-11
接受日期:2020-11-20
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.01.013
本文引用格式:王亚文, 王丽君. MRI诊断颈项部滑膜肉瘤一例[J]. 磁共振成像, 2021, 12(1): 63-64. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.01.013.

       患者男,17岁。因左颈项部肿物进行性增大4个月入院。4个月前体检发现左颈项部鸡蛋大小肿物,超声检查诊断实性占位,未行特殊治疗,近4个月来肿物进行性增大。患者病来肿块无疼痛及压痛,皮肤无破溃及红肿,双上肢无疼痛麻木,无头痛头晕,无胸痛胸闷,其他无特殊。体检:左侧颈项部肿物,边界清晰,活动差,未触及肿大淋巴结。颈部MRI显示:左侧后颈部肌肉间肿物(图1A~G)。术中显示肿物位于肌间隙内,未见明确包膜,类圆形,与周围组织粘连,肿瘤质软、脆,血运丰富,鱼肉状,内可见出血及坏死组织。病理检查:肿物灰粉色,水肿状外观,质脆。镜下大量梭形细胞、嗜脂细胞及毛细血管,肿瘤细胞紧密排列,大小相对一致,核分裂可见。免疫组化:ACTIN (-),Bcl-2 (+),CD99 (+),CK19 (NS),EMA (灶状),HMB45 (-),S-100 (-),Vimentin (+),keractin (-)。病理支持滑膜肉瘤(图1G、H)。随访5年,患者局部无复发。

图1  患者男,17岁。A、B:MRI示左侧颈项部不规则肌肉间占位,呈类似椭圆形。肿块实性部分呈T1WI稍高信号(A,箭)、T2WI高信号(B,箭),信号基本均匀,其内可见少许条状T1WI低、T2WI明显高信号(箭头)。C:DWI肿瘤呈明显高信号;D:ADC图肿瘤信号未见明显降低;动态增强扫描动脉期(E)及延迟期(F):病灶实性部分明显强化,瘤内分隔呈延迟强化;G:病理示短梭形肿瘤细胞紧密排列(HE ×400);H:免疫组化:vimentin (+)
Fig. 1  A 17-year-old male patient. A, B: MRI shows an irregular mass between the muscles of the left posterior neck. It is almost like an oval. The solid part appears as slightly hyperintensity on T1WI (A, arrow) and hyperintensity on T2WI (B, arrow). The most part of the mass is homogeneous with a few strip-like foci with hypointensity on T1WI and significant hyperintensity on T2WI (arrow head). C: It is strongly high signal intensity on DWI. D: The reduction of ADC is not obvious. E, F: The solid part of the lesion is strongly enhanced on contrast-enhanced T1WI, and the separation is enhanced gradually. G: Short spindle-shaped tumor cells were arranged densely on HE staining (HE ×400). H: Immunohistochemistry: vimetin (+).

讨论

       滑膜肉瘤是一种恶性间充质肿瘤,来源于结缔组织而非滑膜[1]。全身各部位均可发病,多见于四肢,原发于颈部的滑膜肉瘤罕见[2]。患者以青年居多[1,3, 4],临床症状主要取决于肿瘤所在位置及大小[4],本例患者发病年龄与文献报道相符,临床表现不典型。滑膜肉瘤在MR T1WI平扫上肿瘤实质主要成分呈中等稍高信号[2,5],新鲜出血灶可表现为高信号,坏死和钙化为低信号[2,6]。T2WI表现为以稍高信号为主的“三重混杂信号”,其中低信号区域为陈旧性出血或钙化,肿瘤实质部分表现为较高信号,坏死液化及新鲜出血灶表现为明显高信号[2,6]。本例肿块较大,但未见文献报道的“三重信号”显示,呈现T1WI略高信号、T2WI高信号影,提示本例肿瘤实质结构较均匀,未见大片坏死、出血及钙化。滑膜肉瘤的另外一个特征之一[7]是脂肪抑制序列肿块呈鹅卵石状高信号,内见带状低信号分隔。文献报道[3]增强扫描多呈异质性强化,分隔不强化。而本例肿瘤强化明显,动态增强肿瘤实质表现为“快进慢出”,肿块内分隔呈延迟强化(图E,F),高度提示分隔为纤维成分组成,笔者认为这种强化方式可能是滑膜肉瘤的特征之一。文献报道[8]滑膜肉瘤的ADC值很低,扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)肿瘤表现为高信号。而本例虽然DWI (b=1000)呈明显高信号(图1C),但是ADC值并不明显降低(图1D),提示其肿瘤水分子扩散基本不受限,但是肿瘤含水量较多,DWI仍呈高信号。

       鉴别诊断:(1)平滑肌肉瘤:好发于中老年人[9],肿块较大者常伴有坏死,出血和囊性改变,增强扫描多表现为不均匀强化[10],且多数肿瘤呈进行性强化[11, 12]。(2)纤维肉瘤:由于假包膜的存在边界清楚,可见由于胶原纤维形成的T1WI和T2WI低信号,增强扫描呈外周强化或轮辐状强化[13]

       总之,颈部滑膜肉瘤临床发病率低,MRI许多征象与其他软组织肉瘤相似,容易造成误诊。临床上如遇到年轻人较大肿物,DWI明显高信号、增强扫描其内分隔延迟强化,应考虑到该病的可能,最终确诊还需依靠病理学检查,必要时进一步结合分子遗传学的检测,以减少对头颈部滑膜肉瘤的误诊。

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