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临床研究
常规胰胆管成像与压缩感知胰胆管成像对胰胆系显示的对比
王梦珂 白岩 孟楠 王梅云

Cite this article as: Wang MK, Bai Y, Meng N, et al. Comparison of conventional cholangiopancreatography and compressed sensing cholangiopancreatography in the display of biliary dilatation and pancreatic duct dilatation[J]. Chin J Magn Reson Imaging, 2021, 12(3):30-33.本文引用格式:王梦珂, 白岩, 孟楠, 等. 常规胰胆管成像与压缩感知胰胆管成像对胰胆系显示的对比[J]. 磁共振成像, 2021, 12(3): 30-33. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.03.007.


[摘要] 目的 比较常规胰胆管成像与压缩感知胰胆管成像对胰胆系管道扩张成像及胰胆管结构显示的图像质量,以供临床选择更合适的成像方法。材料与方法 回顾性研究2019年7月至2019年12月之间在河南省人民医院就诊的胰胆管扩张患者37例,在西门子1.5 T磁共振机器上行常规及压缩感知磁共振胰胆管成像。采用5分制评价图像质量,由1名临床经验大于5年的医师及1名临床经验为2年的医师进行评分,结果使用SPSS软件配对t检验进行分析。结果 压缩感知胰胆管成像与常规磁共振胰胆管成像(magnetic resonance cholangiopanceatography,MRCP)在整体图像质量、胆管扩张及胰管扩张显示方面没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。扩张胆管的评分均比整体图像质量评分与胰管扩张评分高,而结石所致胆管扩张和肿块所致胆管扩张图像评分并没有统计学差异。结论 压缩感知胰胆管成像与常规胰胆管成像相比,图像质量无明显差异,但压缩感知胰胆管成像能有效地缩短成像时间,并减少呼吸运动伪影。
[Abstract] Objective: To compare the image qualities of conventional cholangiopancreatography and compressed-sensing cholangiopancreatography imaging for biliary dilatation imaging and bile duct structure display for clinical selection of more suitable imaging methods.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 37 patients with pancreaticobiliary duct dilatation in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019 was investigated. Patients underwent conventional MRCP and CS-MRCP on a 1.5 T scanner (MAGNETOM Sempra, Siemens). A 5-point scale was used to evaluate image quality. One radiologist with more than 5 years of clinical experience and another one with 2 years of clinical experience scored the image quality. The results were analyzed using SPSS software paired t test.Results: There is no statistical difference in overall image quality, bile duct dilatation and pancreatic duct dilatation display on both conventional MRCP and CS-MRCP (P>0.05). The scores of dilated bile ducts are higher than the overall image quality score and pancreatic duct dilatation score. There was no statistical difference in the image scores of bile duct dilatation caused by stones and bile duct dilatation caused by masses.Conclusions: There is no significant difference in image quality between compressed sensing cholangiopancreatography and conventional cholangiopancreatography, however, compressed sensing cholangiopancreatography can effectively shorten the imaging time and reduce respiratory motion artifacts.
[关键词] 磁共振胰胆管成像;压缩感知胰胆管成像;胆道扩张;胰管扩张;结构显示
[Keywords] magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography;compressed sensing;biliary dilatation;pancreatic duct dilatation;structure display

王梦珂 1   白岩 2   孟楠 1   王梅云 2*  

1 郑州大学人民医院医学影像科,郑州450003

2 河南省人民医院医学影像科,郑州 450003

王梅云,E-mail: mywang@ha.edu.cn

作者利益冲突声明:全体作者均声明无利益冲突。


基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目 81720108021 河南省科技攻关计划项目 182102310496
收稿日期:2020-10-21
接受日期:2021-01-21
DOI: 10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.03.007
本文引用格式:王梦珂, 白岩, 孟楠, 等. 常规胰胆管成像与压缩感知胰胆管成像对胰胆系显示的对比[J]. 磁共振成像, 2021, 12(3): 30-33. DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2021.03.007.

       胆管结石、胆管良恶性肿块及胰头肿块压迫均易引起胆管扩张,因此,对其诊断及病因的辨别有助于临床的诊断与治疗。磁共振成像不仅能显示病因,更能很好地显示肿块对周围组织的侵犯。磁共振胰胆管成像(magnetic resonance cholangiopanceatography,MRCP)是运用重T2成像,在不需要使用对比剂的情况下显示水含量以展示胆道解剖及异常,并抑制背景信号以进行无创性检查胆道系统和胰管的一种磁共振成像技术,可单独或与其他成像技术共同进行疾病诊断1。常规的MRCP技术,由于采集时间较长2,患者忍耐度小,常常导致出现运动及呼吸伪影。而压缩感知(compressed sensing,CS)技术在数据采集时间缩短的应用是一大进步,CS采用了K空间欠采样技术,利用共轭梯度在每幅独立图像上最小化方差并进行迭代,进行随机丢失的图像重建3。增加了图像后处理过程,有效减少了图像采集时间14, 5。压缩感知通过K空间欠采样及图像重建缩短采集时间6。有研究表明,压缩感知三维磁共振胰胆管成像(compressed sensing three dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, CS-3D MRCP)运用迭代算法对K空间欠采样数据进行运算,现已可代替标准3D-MRCP,在图像采集时间减半的情况下,获得相同的图像质量7。本研究以37例胆管扩张患者为研究对象,分别进行常规MRCP和CS-MRCP成像,通过对图像质量及获取时间的对比,探讨压缩感知技术在MRCP中的应用价值。

       由于后期处理复杂及技术不成熟,虽然目前对CS的应用并不广泛8, 9,但对其研究已经从2D不同序列变化到3D不同序列10。3D较2D的优势是可以进行后处理,可以任意角度投影,以便更好地观察成像11。单层采集二维厚层快速自旋回波(two dimensional fast spin-echo,2D FSE)磁共振胰胆管成像解剖部位叠加,不能很好地分辨各器官组织,而多层扫描则增加了扫描时间612。梯度自旋回波磁共振胰胆管成像(three dimensional gradient-and spin-echo magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,3D-Grase-MRCP)则减少了扫描时间,通过将梯度自旋回波序列加入到3D MRCP,提高了其射频脉冲12

1 材料与方法

1.1 一般资料

       回顾性分析2019年7月至2019年12月之间的本院胰胆系扩张就诊患者37例,其中男性患者18例,女性患者19例,年龄20~87岁。其中被手术或消化道内镜证实为因结石导致胆管扩张的有22例,因胆管癌或肿块或胰头肿块或壶腹肿块导致胆管扩张的有15例。患者图像数据被采用并进行分析,且其扩张及病因均被术中所见或腹腔镜所见所证实。

       本研究经过本单位医学伦理委员会批准(批准文号:201971),免除受试者知情同意。

1.2 检查方法

       本研究在西门子Magnetom Sempra 1.5 T机器上进行。在同一机器上做常规快速自旋回波(sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts,T2-SPACE-MRCP)及CS-SPACE-MRCP两种成像检查,比较其整体图像质量、胰管显示清晰程度、胆管显示程度及扩张清晰度。每位患者均进行常规T2-SPACE-MRCP及CS-SPACE-MRCP扫描。常规MRCP扫描参数如下:重复时间(repetition time,TR) 4000 s,回波时间(echo times,TE) 721 s;体素大小:1.2×1.2×1.2;视野(field of view,FOV) 380 mm×380 mm;层数72层,图像获取时间4 min 8 s。CS-MRCP扫描参数如下:TR 4000 s,TE 726 s,体素大小1.2×1.2×1.2,FOV 380 mm×380 mm;层数72层,图像获取时间1 min 35 s。

1.3 图像质量评估

       图像质量由1名临床经验大于5年的影像医生和1名临床经验2年的影像医生分别独自进行评分。使用组内相关系数对2名医师的评分进行一致性分析。图像整体质量及胰胆管评分采用5分制:1分:图像不清晰,不能辨认管道系统;2分:图像<50%的解剖结构可看清并辨认;3分:图像或胆管结构不完全但可辨认,或胰管结构不完全但可辨认;4分:图像>50%的解剖结构可看清并辨认,可诊断;5分:图像质量清晰,各解剖结构均清晰可见。

1.4 统计学分析

       数据采用SPSS 25.0软件进行分析,对获得的图像质量、胆管扩张清晰度及胰管扩张清晰度进行配对t检验分析,用x¯±s表示,P<0.05为有统计学意义。

2 结果

       本研究比较了整体图像质量、扩张胆管的显示清晰度及胰管扩张的显示清晰度,并同时比较了结石和肿块病因(其诊断均被手术或消化道内镜等所证实)所致图像质量的差别。2名影像医师的评分经一致性分析,其相关性系数为0.883,95%置信区间为0.7834~0.9372,具有较高的一致性,使用其均值进行图像质量的评比。整体图像质量评分在总体评分(2.95±1.10与2.86±1.06)、结石病因所致扩张图像评分(3.05±1.05与2.95±1.00)常规MRCP均略高于CS-MRCP,但是没有统计学意义(P值分别为0.324和0.427),在肿块所致胆管扩张评分两者相等(2.67±1.18)。而三种情况下胆管扩张的评分在常规MRCP均略低于CS-MRCP (分别为2.97±1.14与3.08±1.16;3.14±1.04与3.23±1.02;2.80±1.01与2.87±0.99),但P值均>0.05,没有统计学意义;胰管评分在总体评分(2.46±1.50与2.59±1.34)及结石所致胰管扩张的图像质量评分(2.41±1.50与2.68±1.43)常规MRCP均略低于CS-MRCP,而在肿块病因致扩张中胰管图像质量评分(2.53±1.55与2.47±1.25)常规MRCP略高于CS-MRCP,P值均>0.05,数据没有统计学意义。

       在整体成像图像质量、结石所致胆管扩张的图像质量及肿块所致胆管扩张图像质量对比分析中,扩张胆管的评分均比整体图像质量评分与胰管扩张评分高(表1图12)。

图1  该例患者经手术证实为胰头肿块。图A为CS-MRCP,图B为常规MRCP。肝内外胆管扩张,图像质量没有明显差异
图2  该例患者为肝管结石。图A为CS-MRCP,图B为常规MRCP。肝内外胆管扩张,A较B胰管显示较清晰,其他结构没有明显差异
Fig. 1  The patient was confirmed to have a pancreatic head mass after surgery. Figure A is CS-MRCP, and figure B is conventional MRCP. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilated. There is no significant difference in image quality.
Fig. 2  This patient has hepatolithiasis. Figure A is CS-MRCP, and figure B is conventional MRCP. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilated. Pancreatic duct is imaged clearer on figure A than on figure B. No obvious difference existed in other structures.
表1  常规与CS图像比较结果(x¯±s)
Tab. 1  Comparison results between conventional and CS images (x¯±s)

3 讨论

       本研究结果胆管扩张评分CS-MRCP较常规MRCP略高,数据没有统计学意义,而图像质量整体评分及胰管评分也均没有明显差异,但是其在图像质量变化不大的情况下,CS-MRCP扫描时间(1 min 35 s)明显较常规MRCP扫描时间(4 min 8 s)缩短,减小了呼吸运动伪影的可能性。本研究的优势在于,以前的研究多侧重比较胰管及胆管及其微小结构的显示清晰程度,没有进行不同病因导致的胰胆管扩张的分析,而本研究分析了结石和肿块所致胰胆管扩张的程度及其差异。

       与该研究相似,Furlan等13发现CS-MRCP成像时间明显比MRCP缩短两倍,而图像质量没有明显差别。也有研究发现CS-MRCP较常规MRCP锐利度较好,且胰管更清晰14。屏息压缩感知磁共振成像(breath-hold compressed sensing MRCP,BH-CS-MRCP)整体图像质量较CS-MRCP和常规MRCP好,且胆总管的可视性较好。在数据采集时间较短的情况下,CS-MRCP和BH-CS-MRCP比常规MRCP提供可比性的或更好的图像质量15。但是有些研究结果不尽相同。丁金立等4研究证实CS-3D-MRCP对胆囊及胰管结构显示较清晰,而2D-MRCP对胆囊内结石及胆管内结石显示效果较好。总体而言,3D-MRCP较2D-MRCP厚薄层图像质量均有所提高16。Kromrey等9发现在胆囊管和主胆管成像方面BH-CS-MRCP较呼吸导航触发磁共振成像(navigator-triggered MRCP,NT-MRCP)具有更高的图像质量,而在周围肝胆管成像方面,NT-MRCP较BH-MRCP (breath-hold MRCP)具有更高的图像质量917。Lohöfer等6通过比较整体图像质量、图像模糊及运动伪影、背景信号抑制方面的差异,结果发现呼吸触发压缩感知磁共振成像(respiratory triggered MRCP,RT-CS)10和BH-CS24比2D单次屏息(2D single-shot breath-hold,2D-SSBH)图像质量整体较高,CS运动伪影较2D-SSBH少,而BH-CS24较RT-CS10少;CS背景信号抑制较2D-SSBH好;胆总管、胰管及胰胆管小结构方面的显示CS优于2D-SSBH。而Nam等18发现胆总管、胆囊管、肝内胆管第一分支在屏息梯度自旋回波序列(3D breath-hold gradient and spin echo MRCP,3D-BH-GRASE-MRCP)均有更好的表现。同时,在3D-BH-GRASE-MRCP序列中因伪影而不能诊断的图像减少。Tokoro等19有相反的发现,呼吸门控磁共振成像(respiratory-gating MRCP,RG-MRCP)和BH-MRCP相比具有更好的图像质量。Henninger等20的研究显示可翻转角快速自旋回波(sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions,SPACE)的应用中,BH-CS-SPACE-MRCP比NT-SPACE-MRCP有更好的图像质量。

       参数优化(FOV缩小、降低加速因子)后压缩感知磁共振成像的图像质量较未优化的压缩感知磁共振成像有所提高21, 22。且部分在常规BH-CS-MRCP上图像质量显示较差不能进行诊断的,在优化后的BH-CS-MRCP序列上有更高的评分,具有诊断价值。Song等22通过数据采集时改变不同的加速因子、计算因子及反复计算次数,确定当加速因子降低时(可以获得更多的K空间数据)且迭代计算数目越少时,图像质量越好。研究结论各不相同,可能原因是研究机器各不相同,而且1.5 T和3.0 T各不相同;其次,数据采集所选用序列也各不相同,导致结果差异较大。

       本研究与上述研究结果不同的原因可能是:首先,病例数较少,不能很好地代表大部分成像结果;其次,该研究为回顾性研究,而上述有的为前瞻性研究;最后,患者做检查时机器不同,其采集方式及时间也不相同,因此,在对患者图像评分上具有一定的不同。该研究局限性有以下:第一,病例数少,年龄跨度大,对呼吸及检查的耐受性差别较大;第二,没有做不同采集序列的对比。有待于进一步做更多例数及更详细的、更全面的不同序列的对比研究以及对扫描参数进行优化,以得到更有利于显示病变及胰胆管结构的扫描参数,更加方便临床工作。

       结论:CS-MRCP与常规MRCP相比,图像质量或没有明显差异,但前者能有效地缩短成像时间,减少呼吸运动伪影,帮助临床加快扫描,提高工作效率。

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