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临床研究
新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病分度与磁敏感加权成像出血检出率的相关性研究
张雪雁 李军

张雪雁,李军.新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病分度与磁敏感加权成像出血检出率的相关性研究.磁共振成像, 2014, 5(3): 166-169. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2014.03.002.


[摘要] 目的 研究新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)临床分度与磁敏感加权成像(SWI)出血灶检出率的相关性。材料与方法 选取30例经临床诊断为HIE的患儿进行SWI扫描,根据临床分度分别统计轻、中、重度患儿中SWI检出颅内出血灶的患儿例数,针对三种临床分度患儿的颅内出血灶检出率进行χ2检验及χ2分割法两两比较。结果 三种临床分度患儿的颅内出血灶检出率具有统计学差异(χ2=12.438,P=0.02);轻度HIE患儿出血灶检出率分别低于中度HIE患儿(χ2=5.690 ,P=0.017)和重度HIE患儿(χ2=9.545 ,P=0.002),中度和重度HIE患儿出血灶检出率无统计学差异(χ2=1.173,P=0.279)。结论: 轻度HIE患儿的SWI出血灶检出率明显低于中度和重度,通过SWI有无发现出血灶可以有效判断HIE患儿病情轻重。
[Abstract] Objective: To study the relationship between clinical grading and detection rate of hemorrhage by susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Materials and Methods: 30 cases of newborns with HIE diagnosed by clinical criteria were selected to receive SWI sequence scan. These newborns were divided into 3 groups according to clinical grading (mild, moderate, severe) and numbers of newborns in which intracranial hemorrhage detected by SWI were counted. χ2 test and partitions of χ2 method were performed to compare the detection rate of hemorrhage by SWI according to clinical grading.Results: There had statistical difference for the detection rate of hemorrhage by SWI among three groups (χ2=12.438, P=0.02). The detection rate of hemorrhage by SWI for mild newborns with HIE was significant lower than that of moderate newborns with HIE (χ2=5.690, P=0.017) and that of severe newborns with HIE (χ2 =9.545, P=0.002). There had no statistical difference for the detection rate of hemorrhage by SWI between moderate and severe newborns with HIE (χ2=1.173, P=0.279).Conclusions: SWI has higher sensitivity than conventional MRI sequence in detecting intracranial hemorrhage. The detection rate of hemorrhage by SWI for mild newborns with HIE is lower than that of moderate and severe newborns. We can infer the severity in newborns with HIE according to whether hemorrhage was detected by SWI.
[关键词] 缺氧缺血,病;婴儿,新生;磁敏感加权成像
[Keywords] Hypoxia-ischemia, brain;Infant newborns;Susceptibility weighted imaging

张雪雁 滨州医学院护理学院,烟台 264003

李军* 滨州医学院烟台附属医院放射科,烟台 264100

通讯作者:李军,E-mail:bzmceducn@sina.com


基金项目: 滨州医学院科技计划基金 编号:BY2011KJ075
收稿日期:2013-11-08
接受日期:2014-02-08
中图分类号:R445.2; R364.4 
文献标识码:A
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2014.03.002
张雪雁,李军.新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病分度与磁敏感加权成像出血检出率的相关性研究.磁共振成像, 2014, 5(3): 166-169. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8034.2014.03.002.

       新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)是新生儿期的常见疾病,指由于各种围产期因素导致的新生儿脑损伤;具有较高的发病率、死亡率,早期诊断和判断脑损伤程度,采用及时而合理的治疗措施可降低新生儿HIE神经损害及死亡率[1]。研究表明,磁敏感加权成像(SWI)对颅内出血的检测最敏感,尤其是早期和微量出血,在HIE的早期诊断、疗效评价等方面具有明显优势[2,3]

1 材料与方法

1.1 一般资料

       选取2010年8月至2013年8月在滨州医学院附属医院经临床诊断为HIE的住院患儿30例,其中临床分度:轻度11例,中度9例,重度10例,诊断标准及临床分度标准参照2005年中华医学会儿科学分会新生儿学组修订新生儿HIE诊断标准及临床分度标准[4],并除外先天性代谢性疾病及宫内感染。30例患儿中男19例,女11例,均为足月儿,患儿临床表现包括过度兴奋、嗜睡、昏迷、惊厥、呼吸衰竭、肌张力异常等。

1.2 磁共振扫描方法

       应用西门子公司avanto 1.5 T超导型磁共振扫描仪,所有患儿均于出生后10天内行常规MRI及SWI成像序列扫描,参数:横轴面SET1WI (TR 400 ms,TE 15 ms,FOV 24 cm×18 cm,层厚4 mm,间距1 mm,矩阵256×256,激励次数2);横轴面FSE T2WI (TR 6000 ms,TE 120 ms,FOV 24 cm×18 cm,层厚4 mm,间距1 mm,矩阵256×256,激励次数2);横轴面FSE T2FLAIR(TR 8000 ms,TE 150 ms,FOV 24 cm×18 cm,层厚4 mm,间距1 mm,矩阵256×256,激励次数2);横轴面SWI序列(TR 80 ms,TE 50 ms,FOV 24 cm×24 cm,层厚2 mm,间距2 mm,矩阵256×256,反转角17° ),扫描后自动生成SWI幅度及相位图。

1.3 统计学方法:

       根据临床分度分别统计轻、中、重度患儿中SWI检出颅内出血灶的患儿例数,针对三种临床分度患儿的颅内出血灶检出率进行χ2检验及χ2分割法两两比较,P<0.05具有统计学意义。

2 结果

       30例HIE患儿中共有22例通过SWI检出了出血灶,分布区域包括脑实质、室管膜下、脑室、脑沟、硬膜下等,其中包括轻度4例,中度8例(图1A~D),重度10例(图2A~D)。

       三种临床分度HIE患儿的颅内出血灶检出率具有统计学差异(χ2=12.438,P=0.02)(表1);轻度HIE患儿出血灶检出率分别低于中度HIE患儿(χ2=5.690 ,P=0.017)和重度HIE患儿(χ2=9.545 ,P=0.002),中度和重度HIE患儿出血灶检出率无统计学差异(χ2=1.173,P=0.279)(表2)。

图1,2  分别为2例HIE患儿T1WI(A)、T2WI(B)、SWI幅度(C)及SWI相位(D)图像。图1:中度HIE患儿,白箭头示左枕叶检出点状出血灶;图2:重度HIE患儿,白箭头示双侧多发点状及条状出血灶,累及脑实质、室管膜下、脑沟、硬膜下区等
Fig. 1, 2  Head MRI findings including T1WI (A), T2WI (B), SWI amplitude image (C), SWI phase image (D) of 2 newborns with HIE. Fig.1: A moderate newborn with HIE. Punctuate hemorrhage was seen at left occipital lobe with white arrows. Fig.2: A severe newborn with HIE. Multiple spotty hemorrhages were seen with white arrows, involving the brain parenchyma, subependymal, sulcus, subdural space, et al.
表1  不同临床分度HIE患儿SWI出血灶检出率的比较
Tab. 1  Comparision among detection rates of hemorrhage by SWI for newborns with HIE according to different clinical grading
表2  不同临床分度HIE患儿SWI出血灶检出率之间的χ2分割法两两比较
Tab. 2  Multiple comparison with partitions of χ2 method among detection rates of hemorrhage by SWI for newborns with HIE according to different clinical grading

3 讨论

       新生儿HIE指围生期因脑血供和气体交换障碍所致的缺氧缺血性脑损伤,血流动力学紊乱是主要发病机制,病理变化主要包括神经细胞变性、坏死、脑水肿、颅内出血、脑梗死等,晚期可出现脑内软化灶、脑萎缩[5,6]。脑血流量及氧供应的减少导致乳酸等代谢产物堆积以及细胞稳定性降低,从而引起跨细胞离子泵失调和细胞毒性水肿,肿胀的细胞压迫毛细血管使脑组织进一步缺氧。另外,缺氧缺血同时可引起血管通透性增高。多种因素从而引起血管破裂出血,脑实质、脑室内及蛛网膜下腔均可受累,以蛛网膜下腔出血多见[7]

       SWI是一种新发展起来的MRI技术,通过选择合适的回波时间,结合相位信息调整,利用不同组织间磁敏感性差异,对血液代谢物、钙铁沉积等造成磁场不均匀性的顺磁性物质非常敏感,对出血代谢产物尤为敏感,故较传统MR序列能更敏感地显示颅内出血,尤其是微小出血、小静脉出血,包括脑室内的出血及少量蛛网膜下腔出血等[8,9,10,11]。本组HIE患儿中临床分度为中度组及重度组由SWI所检出颅内出血比例均显著高于轻度组,表明中、重度HIE患儿出现颅内出血的概率明显高于轻度HIE患儿。

       SWI尚存在一些不足,比如扫描时间较长,对患儿制动要求较高,另外,脑的边缘区域由于磁化率差异极大,易产生磁敏感伪影,因此会影响邻近部位病灶的检出[12]。但相信随着扫描技术的不断完善和新软件的开发,SWI将对HIE的早期诊断、推断病情轻重及判断预后等发挥更大的应用价值。

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